Western Xia

   
See Xia for other meanings of the Chinese character 夏 xi.
Western Xia (西夏 pinyin: Xīxi), was a kingdom from 1032 up to 1227 of the Tibetan-speaking Tangut tribes that was established in the 11th century and flourished through the early 13th century until it was conquered by the Mongols of the Yuan dynasty. It was located in what are now the northwestern Chinese provinces of Gansu, Shaanxi, and Ningxia. Occupying the area along the trade route between Central Asia and the West, the Tangut were formally a tributary state of first the Song and then the Jin. In actuality, they were de facto independent, and the interaction between the Jin, the Song, and the Western Xia is of interest to historians of diplomacy because they are an example of diplomatic relations between states of de facto equal power but within a diplomatic framework in which one state was formally superior. Western Xia had its own written language that disappeared after the kingdom was annihilated by the Mongols.

Rulers of Western Xia

Temple names Posthumous names Chinese family name and first names Reigns Era names and their according durations
Chinese convention: "Western Xia" + temple name or "family name + first names"
Jǐngzōng
(景宗)
Wǔlid
(武烈帝)
Lǐ Yunho
(李元昊)
1032-1048 Xiǎndo (顯道) 1032-1034
     Kāiyn (開運) 1034
Guǎngpng (廣平) 1035-1036
Dqng (大慶) 1036-1038
Tiānshulǐfǎynzu (天授禮法延祚) 1038-1048
Yzōng
(毅宗)
Zhāoyīngd
(昭英帝)
Lǐ Lingzu
(李諒祚)
1048-1067 Ynsnnggu (延嗣寧國) 1048-1049
     Tiānyuchushng (天祐垂聖) 1050-1052
Fshngchngdo (福聖承道) 1053-1056
Duǒdū (奲都) 1036-1038
Gǒnghu (拱化) 1063-1067
Huzōng
(惠宗)
Kāngjngd
(康靖帝)
Lǐ Bǐngchng
(李秉常)
1067-1086 Qindo (乾道) 1067-1069
     Tiānclǐshngguqng (天賜禮盛國慶) 1070-1074
D'ān (大安) 1075-1085
Tiān'ānlǐdng (天安禮定) 1085-1086
Chngzōng
(崇宗)
Shngwnd
(聖文帝)
Lǐ Qinshn
(李乾順)
1086-1139 Tiānyzhpng (天儀治平) 1086-1089
     Tiānyumn'ān (天祐民安) 1090-1097
Yǒng'ān (永安) 1098-1100
Zhēnguān (貞觀) 1101-1113
Yōngnng (雍寧) 1114-1118
Yund (元德) 1119-1127
Zhngd (正德) 1127-1134
Dd (大德) 1135-1139
Rnzōng
(仁宗)
Shngzhēnd
(聖禎帝)
Lǐ Rnxio
(李仁孝)
1139-1193 Dqng (大慶) 1139-1143
     Rnqng (人慶) 1144-1148
Tiānshng (天盛) 1149-1170
Qinyu (乾祐) 1170-1193
Hunzōng
(桓宗)
Zhāojiǎnj
(昭簡帝)
Lǐ Chnyu
(李純佑)
1193-1206 Tiānqng (天慶) 1193-1206
Xiāngzōng
(襄宗)
Jǐngwǔd
(景武帝)
Lǐ Ānqun
(李安全)
1206-1211 Qngtiān (慶天) 1206-1209
     Hungjin (皇建) 1210-1211
Shnzōng
(神宗)
Yīngwnd
(英文帝)
Lǐ Zūnxū
(李遵頊)
1211-1223 Guāngdng (光定) 1211-1223
Xinzōng
(獻宗)
Did not exist Lǐ Dwng
(李德旺)
1223-1226 Qindng (乾定) 1223-1226
Mzhǔ
(末主)
Did not exist Lǐ Xin
(李晛)
1226-1227 Bǎoy (寶義) 1226-1227

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