ultrahard fullerite

Ultrahard fullerite (C₆₀) is a unique version of buckminsterfullerene with three-dimensional polymer bonds. This should not be confused with P-SWNT fullerite, even though that material is also a polymerized version of fullerene. It has been shown 1 2 that ultrahard fullerite when testing diamond hardness with a scanning force microscope can scratch diamond. In turn, using more accurate measurements, these values are now known for diamond hardness. A Type IIa diamond (111) has a hardness value of 1676 GPa when scratched with an ultrahard fullerite tip. A Type IIa diamond (111) has a hardness value of 2315 GPa when scratched with a diamond tip; this leads to hypothetically inflated values. Ultrahard fullerite has a hardness value of 310 GPa, though the actual value may range 40 GPa, since testing done using an ultrahard fullerite tip on ultrahard fullerite will lead to, like diamond on diamond, distorted values. It is thought that beta carbon nitride will have a hardness value, if harder than diamond, less than that of ultrahard fullerite.

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