timeline of polish history

Timeline of Polish History Dates and most important events in Polish history from prehistoric times up to the present day.

c.960: a href="/encyclopedia/Mieszko-I" title="Mieszko I">Mieszko I assumes rule in Poland
966: hristianization of Mieszko I and Poland
968: irst bishopric in Poland - Poznan, Jordan became first bishop of Poland.
972: ieszko's victorious battle of Cedynia over margrave Hodon
992: eath of Mieszko I
992-1025: eign of Bolesław I Chrobry (the Brave)
997: eath of St.Adalbert of Prague during the christianization of Prussians
1000: he Congress of Gniezno, with participation of the Emperor Otto III
1000: rchbishopric founded in Gniezno with sufragan bishoprics in Kolobrzeg, Wroclaw, and Cracow
1025: oronation of Bolesław I Chrobry as the King of Poland
1034-1058: eign of Casimir the Restorer
1034-1039: eople's rebellion and invasion of the Czech prince, Brzetyslav.
1076: oronation of Bolesław the Bold for the king of Poland
1079-1102: eign of prince Ladislas
1102-1138: eign of prince Boleslav the Wrymouthed (Boleslav Krzywousty)
1106-1107: ar between Boleslav the Wrymouthed and his brother Zbigniew
1138: ollowing Bolesław's death, in accordance with his will, Poland is split into five main provinces, one for each of his sons, with the senior holding also the "royal" province between Greater and Little Poland. Beginning of regional disintegration which continues until 1320.
1146-1173: a href="/encyclopedia/Boleslaus-IV-of-Poland" title="Boleslaus IV of Poland">Boleslav the Curly is the senior prince in Cracow
1226: a href="/encyclopedia/Konrad-I-of-Poland" title="Konrad I of Poland">Konrad of Mazovia asks Teutonic Knights, recently expelled from Hungary by Andrew II, to settle in Poland and gives them land in northern Mazovia, in addition to any territory they can wrest from the pagan Prussians and Lithuanians. The christianization of Prussia begins
1241: he Mongol invasion cuts a wide swath of destruction through southern Poland; Cracow is besieged.; In July, the host of the Silesian princes is met and routed at the battle of Legnica, a defeat accompanied by the death of overlord Henry II the Pious.
1295: oronation of Przemysl II for the king of Poland in Gniezno; shortly after, he is murdered in a bathhouse.
1300: oronation of Waclav II, king of Bohemia, as the king of Poland
1305: eath of Waclav II, his son Waclav III becomes the king of Poland
1306: aclaw III is killed by an assassin while travelling to Cracow to inaugurate his reign in Poland
1306-1333: eign of Wladyslaw the Elbow High (Wladyslaw Lokietek)
1308-1309: he Teutonic Knights drive out the Brandenburgians who captured Gdańsk, but hold the city for themselves. Wladyslaw the Elbow High, caught up with the situation in Little Poland, particularly the conspiracy led by Albert, the Cracow mayor, cannot intervene.
1320: oronation of Wladislaw the Elbow High and reunion of most of the Polish lands
1327-1332: ar against the Teutonic Order
1331: a href="/encyclopedia/Battle-of-Plowce" title="Battle of Plowce">Battle of Plowce
1343: eace treaty with the Teutonic Order in Kalisz
1370: eath of Casimir the Great ends Piast Dynasty
1370-1382: eign of Louis I of Hungary
1385: ersonal union with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania following marriage of Polish princess Jadwiga with the Grand Duke of Lithuania Wladyslaw Jagiello
1386-1434: eign of Wladyslaw Jagiello, beginning of Jagiellonian dynasty in Poland
1387: ormal christianization of Lithuania
1409-1411: ar with Teutonic Knights
1410 July 15: ictorious battle of Grunwald (Tannenberg) with Teutonic Knights
1411 February: a href="/encyclopedia/First-peace-of-Torun" title="First peace of Torun">First peace treaty of Torun with Teutonic Order
1434-1444: eign of Wladislaw III
1444: a href="/encyclopedia/Battle-of-Varna" title="Battle of Varna">Battle of Varna against the Ottoman Empire and death of Wladislaw III
1454 February: a href="/encyclopedia/Prussian-Confederation" title="Prussian Confederation">Prussian Confederation of cities and gentry revolts against rule of Teutonic Knights, and (March) accepts Polish sovereignty
1454-1466: a href="/encyclopedia/Thirteen-Years'-War" title="Thirteen Years' War">Thirteen Years' War of Poland and Prussian Confederation against Teutonic Knights
1466 October: a href="/encyclopedia/Second-Treaty-of-Thorn" title="Second Treaty of Thorn">Second Treaty of Thorn: the Teutonic Order cedes western (henceforth Royal) Prussia to Poland; eastern (later Ducal) Prussia remains under control of the Order, as a Polish fief.
1474: irst Polish printed text (in Cracow)
1492-1501: eign of Jan Olbracht
1569: dministrative union of Lublin creates the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (Rzeczpospolita)
1572: eath of Sigismund II, the last king of the Jagiellonian Dynasty
1573: lection of Henry of Valois as King of Poland
1575: a href="/encyclopedia/Stefan-I-of-Poland" title="Stefan I of Poland">Stephen Bthory becomes King of Poland
1582: The peace treaty in Jam Zapolski ends the Livonian war.
1610: olish-Lithuanian forces occupy Moscow
1620: ar with the Ottoman Empire
1655-1660: nvasion of Poland by the Army of Charles X of Sweden in the Northern Wars, known in Poland as "the Deluge"
1683 September 12: olish king John III Sobieski defeats Turkish Army near Vienna
1768: he Confederation of Bar
1772: he First Partition of Poland: Austria receives Galicia, the Kingdom of Prussia gains West Prussia, and Imperial Russia gains Vitebsk, Mogilev and Gomel
1791 May 3: roclamation of the May Constitution of Poland
1793: he Second Partition of Poland: Russia gains Podolia, eastern Volhynia and most of modern Belarus, while Prussia gains Greater Poland
1794 March: he national insurrection led by Tadeusz Kosciuszko
1795: he Third Partition of Poland: Russia gains Curonia, Lithuania, western Belarus and western Volhynia, while Prussia receives the land to the north and west of Warsaw, and Austria the land to the south and east of the city.
1795 November 25: The kingdom of Poland comes to an end with the abdication of Stanislaus II
1807: he Grand Duchy of Warsaw is created under Napoleons tutelage from the territories annexed by Prussia in 1793 and 1795
1809: he Grand Duchy gains the area annexed by Austria in 1795
1813: oland is occupied by Russian troops, bringing the Grand Duchy to an end
1815: ost of the former Grand Duchy (excluding the Poznan and Torun districts) become the Kingdom of Poland under the rule of the Tsar of Russia.
1830 November 29: he November Uprising against occupation of Poland
1832 February 26: ussian-occupied Poland is stripped of its separate administration
1846 February 22: a href="/encyclopedia/Krakow-Uprising" title="Krakow Uprising">Krakow Uprising: the city is annexed by Austria in November
1863 January 22: he January Uprising against occupation of Poland: fighting continues into 1864
1914 August: utbreak of World War I: Marshal Pilsudski's troops fight with German and Austrian troops against Russia
1916 November 5: ermany and Austria-Hungary proclaim an independent kingdom of Poland, in practice under German control
1917 July: ilsudski imprisoned at Madgeburg after supporting Polish soldiers who refused to swear brotherhood with their German and Austrian counterparts
1918 March 3: ussia signs Treaty of Brest-Litovsk renouncing sovereignty over Poland. The rise of independent Second Polish Republic
1918 November 11: oland regains independence
1918-1919: a href="/encyclopedia/Great-Poland-Uprising" title="Great Poland Uprising">Uprising in Greater Poland region for liberation from German administration
1920 April 25-October 12: a href="/encyclopedia/Polish-bolshevik-war" title="Polish-bolshevik war">Polish-bolshevik war. Poland avoids Soviet conquest and gains a narrow victory
1921 March 17: roclamation of the March Constitution
1921 March 18: a href="/encyclopedia/Treaty-of-Riga" title="Treaty of Riga">Treaty of Riga
1926 May 12-14: oup d'etat by Jozef Pilsudski. He is behind the government that rules until 1939
1935 May 12: ilsudski dies: Marshal Rydz-Smigly becomes leader of regime
1938 October: a href="/encyclopedia/Zaolzie" title="Zaolzie">Zaolzie or Cieszyn Silesia area was re-annexed by Poland from Czechoslovakia in accord with the Munich Agreement
1939 September 1: ermany invades Poland - the beginning of WWII
1939 September 17: oviet troops invade and then occupy eastern Poland
1940-41: oviet Union incarcerates 1.5 million Poles in labor camps and executes thousands of prisoners of war before ceding Polish lands to Germans
1941-44: ll Polish territory comes under Nazi occupation, taking savage toll of Polish lives. Poland becomes main killing ground of the Holocaust. Polish resistance movements active at home and abroad
1943: iscovery of Katyn Massacre causes breach between Soviet Union and Polish government-in-exile
1944 August 1-October 2: he Warsaw Uprising. The resistance Polish Home Army receives no Soviet assistance and is crushed by Nazis
1944 July 22: a href="/encyclopedia/Communist" title="Communist">Communist-dominated Polish National Liberation Committee is formed in Lublin on land liberated by Soviet and Polish troops
1944 December 31: i>National Liberation Committee establishes provisional government
1945: ed Army liberates Polish territories and establishes communist-dominated coalition government
1947: ommunists consolidate political monopoly after rigged elections
1947-49: ovietization occurs, including nationalization of industry and business, attacks on organized religion, and imprisonment of opposition leaders
1948-56: talinist period brings most severe communist rule; adoption of Soviet-style constitution; attempted collectivization of agriculture
1948 December 20: ommunist (Workers) Party merges with left wing of Socialist Party as Polish United Workers Party (PZPR)
1956 June 28: orker riots in Poznan result in numerous deaths. In defiance of Soviet Union, Władysław Gomułka chosen as Polish Communist Party leader. He announces commitment to reform and liberalization of system.
1956 October: a href="/encyclopedia/Wladyslaw-Gomulka" title="Wladyslaw Gomulka">Gomułka appointed leader of United Workers Party
1970 December: rotests lead to Gomułka's replacement by Edward Gierek
1980 August 31: ictory of Solidarity Trade Union strike led by Lech Wałęsa in Gdańsk, a 21-point agreement with the Communist government signed
1981 December 13: ommunist authorities led by prime minister General Wojciech Jaruzelski proclaim martial law
1983 July: ifting of the state of martial law in Poland
1989 June 4: he first free postwar general elections (with some reservations) in Poland return a pro-Solidarity majority
1989 September 12: he first non-communist-dominated government in Poland since the war
1990 December 9: ałęsa elected President of Poland
1992: he last Soviet troops leave Poland
1997 April 2: ew Constitution adopted
1999 March 12: oland becomes a member of NATO
2004 May 1: Poland enters the European Union

Timeline Of Polish History

See also