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The City And The StarsThe City and The Stars is a science fiction novel by Arthur C Clarke. It is a complete rewrite on his earlier novel, Against the Fall of Night. Against the Fall of Night was Clarke's first novel. It was published in Startling Stories in 1948 (after John W. Campbell, Jr. rejected it, according to Clarke's own account). A few years later he revised the book extensively and retitled it. The new version was intended to showcase what he had learned about writing (and it did). The major differences are in individual scenes and in the details of his contrasting civilizations of Diaspar and Lys. To everyone's surprise, the first version remained popular enough to stay in print after the second version came out. In introductions to it he has told the anecdote of a psychiatrist and patient who admitted they had discussed it one day in therapy, without, however, realizing at the time that one had read one book and one the other. Most recently it has appeared with a sequel by Gregory Benford called Beyond the Fall of Night however except for the specific role of Khedron the Joker, as far as what Clarke wrote what follows is a valid description of either of the books about Alvin. The City and the Stars takes place bilions of years in the future, in the city of Diaspar. By this time, the Earth is so old that the oceans have left and humanity has all but left. As far as the people of Diaspar know, they are the only city left in the world. The city of Diaspar is completely enclosed. Nobody has come in or left the domed city for as long as anybody could remember, and everybody in Diaspar has an instinctive fear of everything outside of Diaspar. The story behind this fear tells of a race of ruthless invaders that beat humanity back from the stars to Earth, and then made the deal that humanity could live if they never left the planet. In Diaspar, the entire city is run by a central computer. Not only is the city repaired by machines, but people's lives are created by the machines as well. The computer creates bodies for the people of Diaspar to live in and stores their minds in its memory when they die. At any time, only a small amount of these people are actually living in Diaspar, the rest existing in the computer's memory banks. All the people of Diaspar have had past "lives" within Diaspar except one person--Alvin, the main character of this story. He is different from everybody else in Diaspar not only because he doesn't have any past lives to remember, but because instead of fearing the outside of Diaspar, he feels compelled to leave it. In the novel, Alvin has just come to the age where he is considered grown up, and has put all his energies into trying to find a way out. Eventually, a wild character called Khedron the Joker helps Alvin use the central computer to find a way out of the city of Diaspar. Once out, Alvin finds that people still live outside of Diaspar, though these people live a lifestyle completely different from his own. In contrast to Diaspar's electronically-ran society, these people live outside and are born similar to how we are now. They call the community where they live Lys. These people are also telepathic, with much of their society built around it. Once out of Diaspar, Alvin continues his quest until he finds out the truth of why the people of Diaspar are so scared of the outside world and why Lys is so scared of space travel and mechanical things. He then reunites the Diaspar with Lys. City and the Stars, The City and the Stars, The City and the Stars, The City and the Stars, The
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