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Temperature ControlA thermostat is a simple example for a closed control loop: It constantly measures the current temperature and controls the heater's valve setting to increase or decrease the room temperature according the user-defined setting. A simple method switches the heater or cooler either completely on, or completely off, and an overshoot and undershoot of the controlled temperature must be expected. A more expensive method varies the amount of heat or cooling provided by the heater or cooler depending on the difference between the required temperature (the "setpoint") and the actual temperature. This minimizes over/undershoot.
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