Spin Quantum Number

The spin quantum number is a quantum number that parametrize the intrinsic angular momentum (or spin angular momentum, or simply spin) of a given particle. As a quantized angular momentum, (see angular momentum quantum number) it holds that
\Vert \mathbf{s} \Vert = \sqrt{s \, (s+1)} \, \hbar
where
\mathbf{s} is the quantized spin vector,
\Vert \mathbf{s}\Vert is the norm of the spin vector,
s is the spin quantum number associated with the spin angular momentum
Given an arbitrary direction z (usually determined by an external magnetic field) the spin z-projection is given by
s_z = m_s \, \hbar
where ms is the secondary spin quantum number, ranging from −s to +s in steps of one. This generates 2s+1 different values of ''ms. The allowed values for s are non-negative integers or half-integers. Fermions (such as the electron, proton or neutron) have half-integer values, while bosons (e.g. photon, mesons) have integer values.

 

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