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Southern KurdishCentral Kurdish dialects group, also called Soran, is the language of a plurality of Kurds in Eastern Kurdistan (Kurdistan in Iran) and Southern Kurdistan (Kurdistan in Iraq), with about 8 million speakers. Major subdialects of Central Kurdish dialects are Mukr, Erdelan, Germyan, Soran, Xushnaw, Pjhder, Pran, Wermawe, and Hewlr (or Soran proper). A line can be drawn to divide Soran-speaking areas into a Persianized southeastern section and a more orthodox northwestern section, running from Bjar to Kifr, (See the map). The ergative con-struction in the Persianized Soran has begun to disappear, while it is being retained in the non-Persianized northwestern section. Also, under the influence of Arabic and Neo-Aramaic languages, the northwest section of Soran has acquired two fricative sounds (faucalized pharyngeal fricative 'ayn, and h), absent from other Kurdish, and in fact Indo-European languages. Soran is a recent labelling after the name of the former principality of Soran. In Silman, the Ottoman Empire had created a secundary school (Rushdye), the graduates from which could go Istanbul to continue to study there. This allowed Soran, which was spoken in Silman, to progressively replace Hewram as the litterary vehicle. Mackenzie writes that the present Kurdish standard called Soran is in fact a idealized version of the Silman dialect, which uses the phonemic system of the Pjhdar and Mukr dialects. Objections have been made to th name Soran on the grounds that the name of one dialect, Sonar, spoken in the region Soran should not br extended to cover a group of dialect (E. M. Rasul, Nser Kurd, No. 4, Nov. 1971). Sources Dr. A. Hassanpour, Nationalism and Language in Kurdistan 1918 - 1985, Mellen Research University Press, USA, 1992 Jemal Nebez, Toward a Unified Kurdish Language, NUKSE 1976 Prof. M. Izady, The Kurds, A Concise Handbook, Dep. of Near Easter Languages and Civilization Harvard University, USA, 1992 KAL: The Kurdish Academy of Language
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