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Sembene OusmaneSembene Ousmane (born January 1, 1923) is a Senegalese film director, producer and writer. He was drafted into the French Army in World War II and later fought for the Free French forces. After the war he worked on the docks at Marseille, becoming active in the trade union movement. He drew on his experiences there for his first novel, Le Docker noir (1956), and established himself as a writer, later novels including Les Bouts de bois de dieu (1960). In the 1960s he studied film in Moscow, and, after returning to Senegal, became the first African film-maker to achieve international renown, winning the Jean Vigo Prize for his first feature, La Noire de... (1966). His subsequent films, including Mandabi (1968), Xala (1974, based on his own novel), and Ceddo (1977) were in his local Wolof language. His later films include Camp de Thiaroye (1987), Guelwaar (1992) and Faat Kin (2000). He scored a substantial success with his 2004 feature Moolaad, an award winner at the Cannes Film Festival. The film, an exploration of the controversial subject of female genital mutilation, set in a small African village, showed that the director had lost none of his powers.
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