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RiismRiism (Riismo in Esperanto) is a modification of Esperanto to simplify it, to make it symmetric, and to incorporate non-sexist language and gender-neutral pronouns into it. How Riismo modifies Esperanto According to the Prezento de Riismo, in Riismo: - The epicene third-person pronoun ri replaces the third-person masculine and feminine pronouns li and ŝi. One no longer uses the pronouns li or ŝi.
- The infixes -iĉ- and -in- are used in a symmetric way, and only where it is necessary to emphasise or to precisely specify a sex.
- Radicals without the infixes -iĉ- or -in- do not indicate a sex. Moreover, the sexual significance is removed from the twenty words that traditionally indicate only masculine and have corresponding feminine forms with the -in- infix.
Commentary Use of the pronoun ri parallels usage in Finnish and Chinese languages, in which the third-person pronouns have no distinction between feminine and masculine. (e.g. Finnish only has hn for both she and he, and se for it.)) The infix and radical changes do not increase the number of forms. Both Riismo and Malriismo (i.e. non-riist Esperanto) have three relevant forms: an unmarked form and two marked forms. The difference lies in the sex assignments to each: - Malriismo: The unmarked form is the masculine, and the two marked forms are the feminine and the sexless. e.g. patro "father" versus patrino "mother" and gepatro parent of unspecified sex.
- Riismo: The unmarked form is the sexless, and the two marked forms are the feminine and the masculine. e.g. patro, parent of unspecified sex, versus patrino "mother" and patriĉo "father".
Riismo does not eliminate the prefix ge- in order to allow riistoj (speakers of riist Esperanto) and malriistoj (speakers of non-riist Esperanto) to intercommunicate without confusion. A riisto communicating with a malriisto can add the prefix ge-, when neither the infix -iĉ- or -in- is used and the Malriismo usage would traditionally indicate the masculine. However, for most words the Malriismo usage is in practice sexless, and ge- is not required. For example: dentisto is a dentist of unespecified sex in both Riismo and Malriismo, and there is no need for gedentisto. The main words where the prefix ge- can be useful are: - avo edzo fianĉo filo frato kuzo nepo nevo onklo patro vidvo
- bubo knabo viro
- fraŭlo grafo princo reĝo sinjoro
- amiko
Critics of Riismo consider the elimination of li and ŝi to be a major fault. They contend that the sexed pronouns are useful for the very same reasons of emphasis and precision that the -iĉ- and -in- infixes are; and that whilst Riismo eliminates a sexual inconsistency for nouns, its requirement that li and ŝi be wholly eliminated (as opposed to being relegated to those uses where sex is specifically implied) introduces a sexual inconsistency between nouns and pronouns. External links
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