quarkonium

In high energy physics, a quarkonium (pl. quarkonia) is a flavorless meson constituted by the association of a quark an its own antiquark, such as the charmonium or the bottomonium. Some charmonium and bottomonium states>

align="center" style="border-bottom:2px solid black" \| n ^2S+1L_J	align="center" style="border-bottom:2px solid black" \| J^PC	style="border-bottom:2px solid black" \| $c \bar c$ state	style="border-bottom:2px solid black" \| $b \bar b$ state
1¹S₀	0⁻⁺	η_c(2980)	align=center \| —
1³S₁	1⁻⁻	J/ψ(3097)	Υ(9460)
2¹S₀	0⁻⁺	align=center \| —	align=center \| —
2³S₁	1⁻⁻	ψ(3686)	Υ(10023)
2³P₀	0⁺⁺	χ_c0(3415)	χ_b0(9860)
2³P₁	1⁺⁺	χ_c1(3511)	χ_b1(9892)
2³P₂	2⁺⁺	χ_c2(3556)	χ_b2(9913)
style="border-bottom:2px solid black" \| 2¹P₁	style="border-bottom:2px solid black" \| 1⁺⁻	align=center style="border-bottom:2px solid black" \| —	align=center style="border-bottom:2px solid black" \| —

Some quarkonium states are:

$s \bar s$ states

$\phi\,\!$ meson

$c \bar c$ (charmonium) states

η_c
J/ψ and ψ mesons
χ_c mesons

$b \bar b$ (bottomonium) states:

Υ
χ_b mesons

Charmonium and bottomonium are non-relativistic systems of quarks: heavy quarks with low velocities (less than 0.4c).

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