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Pugwash, Nova ScotiaPugwash is a fishing, mining, and small-scale manufacturing community on the north shore of Nova Scotia, Canada. Its coordinates are . The village is located at the mouth of the Pugwash River where it empties into the Northumberland Strait. Pugwash takes its name from the native Micmac word, "Pagweak," meaning "shallow water." Pugwash sits atop a salt deposit measuring 1,500 feet thick and is home to the largest underground salt mine in Atlantic Canada, with shipments from its port, as well as by rail from a facility near Oxford. Pugwash is famous for being the site of an international conference of scholars organized by Bertrand Russell in 1957, and hosted by Pugwash's native son, steel magnate Cyrus Eaton (1883-1979), at the lodge on his estate located just north of the village. This conference brought high-level scientists from both sides of the Cold War divide to state their opposition to nuclear weapons. This meeting was a follow-up to an earlier statement of notables whose signatories had included Albert Einstein and Linus Pauling, the Russell-Einstein Manifesto. The name Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs has since been used to refer to the group, although citizens in Pugwash generally term these visitors as the "Great Thinkers." Pugwash is also home to many descendents of Highland Scots who immigrated to the region in the 1800s. All street signs in the town are bilingual with both English and Gaelic translations. The creation of pewter crafts and souvenirs is another important industry in Pugwash. External links
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