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Postencephalitic ParkinsonismThis disease is believed to have been caused by a viral illness, stimulating degeneration of the nerve cells in the substantia nigra, leading to clinical parkinsonism. The disease followed a condition called encephalitis lethargica (Von Economo's encephalitis) There was an epidemic of this in 1918 related to an influenza pandemic - however even using modern molecular diagnostic tests on human material from people who died at the time, no firm link between encephalitis lethargica with influenza has been made. The brain regions affected contain neurofibrillary tangles, similar to those seen in Alzheimer's disease. However the senile plaques found in Alzheimer's disease are not found.
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