portuguese verb conjugation

In Portuguese there are three conjugations. You can distinguish them through the ending of the infinitive of the verbs:

Verbs ending in -ar belong to the first conjugation (e.g. dar, lavar, matar, ladrar);
Verbs ending in -er belong to the second conjugation (e.g. correr, comer, colher);
Verbs ending in -ir belong to the third conjugation (e.g. partir, ir, destruir, urdir);
The verb Pr and its compounds belong to the second conjugation. This includes the verbs: depor, compor, propor, among many others.

First conjugation (cantar)

Non-finite forms

Infinitive: cantar
Gerund: cantando
Past participle: cantado
Personal infinitives: cantar, cantares, cantar, cantarmos, cantardes, cantarem

Indicative

Present: canto, cantas, canta, cantamos, cantais, cantam
Imperfect: cantava, cantavas, cantava, cantvamos, cantveis, cantavam
Preterite: cantei, cantaste, cantou, cantmos (EP) or cantamos (BP), cantastes, cantaram
Pluperfect: cantara, cantaras, cantara, cantramos, cantreis, cantaram
Future: cantarei, cantars, cantar, cantaremos, cantareis, cantaro
Conditional: cantaria, cantarias, cantaria, cantaramos, cantareis, cantariam

Subjunctive

Present: cante, cantes, cante, cantemos, canteis, cantem
Imperfect: cantasse, cantasses, cantasse, cantssemos, cantsseis, cantassem
Future: cantar, cantares, cantar, cantarmos, cantardes, cantarem

Imperative

canta (tu), cante (voc), cantemos (ns), cantai (vs), cantem (vocs)

Second conjugation (comer)

Non-finite forms

Infinitive: comer
Gerund: comendo
Past participle: comido
Personal infinitives: comer, comeres, comer, comermos, comerdes, comerem

Indicative

Present: como, comes, come, comemos, comeis, comem
Imperfect: comia, comias, comia, comamos, comeis, comiam
Preterite: comi, comeste, comeu, comemos, comestes, comeram
Pluperfect: comera, comeras, comera, comramos, comreis, comeram
Future: comerei, comers, comer, comeremos, comereis, comero
Conditional: comeria, comerias, comeria, comeramos, comereis, comeriam

Subjunctive

Present: coma, comas, coma, comamos, comais, comam
Imperfect: comesse, comesses, comesse, comssemos, comsseis, comessem
Future: comer, comeres, comer, comermos, comerdes, comerem

Imperative

come (tu), coma (voc), comamos (ns), comei (vs), comam (vocs)

Third conjugation (partir)

Non-finite forms

Infinitive: partir
Gerund: partindo
Past participle: partido
Personal infinitives: partir, partires, partir, partirmos, partirdes, partirem

Indicative

Present: parto, partes, parte, partimos, partis, partem
Imperfect: partia, partias, partia, partamos, parteis, partiam
Preterite: parti, partiste, partiu, partimos, partistes, partiram
Pluperfect: partira, partiras, partira, partramos, partreis, partiram
Future: partirei, partirs, partir, partiremos, partireis, partiro
Conditional: partiria, partirias, partiria, partiramos, partireis, partiriam

Subjunctive

Present: parta, partas, parta, partamos, partais, partam
Imperfect: partisse, partisses, partisse, partssemos, partsseis, partissem
Future: partir, partires, partir, partirmos, partirdes, partirem

Imperative

parte (tu), parta (voc), partamos (ns), parti (vs), partam (vocs)

Quick reference

	Present				Subjunctive		Non-Finite F.
Per.	Present	Preterit Perfect	Preterit Imperfect	Preterit Pluperfect	Present	Preterit Imperfect	Infinitive P.
Eu	-o	-ei -i -i	-ava -ia -ia	-ara -era -ira	-e -a -a	-asse -esse -isse	-ar -er -ir
Tu	-as -es -es	-aste -este -iste	-avas -ias -ias	-aras -eras -iras	-es -as -as	-asses -esses -isses	-ares -eres -ires
Ele	-a -e -e	-ou -eu -iu	-ava -ia -ia	-ara -era -ira	-e -a -a	-asse -esse -isse	-ar -er -ir
Ns	-amos -emos -imos	-mos (EP) or -amos (BP) -emos -imos	-vamos -amos -amos	-ramos -ramos -ramos	-emos -amos -amos	-ssemos -ssemos -ssemos	-armos -ermos -irmos
Vs	-ais -eis -is	-astes -estes -istes	-veis -eis -eis	-reis -reis -reis	-eis -ais -ais	-sseis -sseis -sseis	-ardes -erdes -irdes
Eles	-am -em -em	-aram -eram -iram	-avam -iam -iam	-aram -eram -iram	-em -am -am	-assem -essem -issem	-arem -erem -irem

Non-Finite Forms

Infinitive Impersonal

Past Participle

Present Participle

-ar
-er
-ir

-ado
-ido
-ido

-ando
-endo
-indo

haver

Non-finite forms

Infinitive: haver
Gerund: havendo
Past participle: havido
Personal infinitives: haver, haveres, haver, havermos, haverdes, haverem

Indicative

Present: hei, hs, h, havemos, haveis, ho
Imperfect: havia, havias, havia, havamos, haveis, haviam
Preterite: houve, houveste, houve, houvemos, houvestes, houveram
Pluperfect: houvera, houveras, houvera, houvramos, houvreis, houveram
Future: haverei, havers, haver, haveremos, havereis, havero
Conditional: haveria, haverias, haveria, haveramos, havereis, haveriam

Subjunctive

Present: haja, hajas, haja, hajamos, hajais, hajam
Imperfect: houvesse, houvesses, houvesse, houvssemos, houvsseis, houvessem
Future: houver, houveres, houver, houvermos, houverdes, houverem

Imperative

h (tu), haja (voc), hajamos (ns), havei (vs), hajam (vocs)

ter

Non-finite forms

Infinitive: ter
Gerund: tendo
Past participle: tido
Personal infinitives: ter, teres, ter, termos, terdes, terem

Indicative

Present: tenho, tens, tem, temos, tendes, tm
Imperfect: tinha, tinhas, tinha, tnhamos, tnheis, tinham
Preterite: tive, tiveste, teve, tivemos, tivestes, tiveram
Pluperfect: tivera, tiveras, tivera, tivramos, tivreis, tiveram
Future: terei, ters, ter, teremos, tereis, tero
Conditional: teria, terias, teria, teramos, tereis, teriam

Subjunctive

Present: tenha, tenhas, tenha, tenhamos, tenhais, tenham
Imperfect: tivesse, tivesses, tivesse, tivssemos, tivsseis, tivessem
Future: tiver, tiveres, tiver, tivermos, tiverdes, tiverem

Imperative

tem (tu), tenha (voc), tenhamos (ns), tende (vs), tenham (vocs)

ser

Non-finite forms

Infinitive: ser
Gerund: sendo
Past participle: sido
Personal infinitives: ser, seres, ser, sermos, serdes, serem

Indicative

Present: sou, s, , somos, sois, so
Imperfect: era, eras, era, ramos, reis, eram
Preterite: fui, foste, foi, fomos, fostes, foram
Pluperfect: fora, foras, fora, framos, freis, foram
Future: serei, sers, ser, seremos, sereis, sero
Conditional: seria, serias, seria, seramos, sereis, seriam

Subjunctive

Present: seja, sejas, seja, sejamos, sejais, sejam
Imperfect: fosse, fosses, fosse, fssemos, fsseis, fossem
Future: for, fores, for, formos, fordes, forem

Imperative

s (tu), seja (voc), sejamos (ns), sede (vs), sejam (vocs)

estar

Non-finite forms

Infinitive: estar

Indicative

Present: estou, estás, está, estamos, estais, esto

Subjunctive
Imperative

Conditional and Future Imperfect

There are few irregular verbs for these tenses (only dizer, fazer, trazer, and their compounds - also haver, ter, ser, ir, pr, estar, etc. - for the Subjunctive Future Imperfect). The Indicative Future Imperfect, Conditional and Subjunctive Future Perfect tenses are formed by adding to the infinitive the Indicative Present inflections of the auxiliary verb haver (dropping the h), the 2nd/3rd conjugation endings of the Preterit Imperfect and the Personal Infinitive endings, respectively. Thus, for the majority of the verbs, the Simple Personal Infinitive coincides with Subjunctive Future Imperfect.

Imperative

The Imperative is formed by dropping the final s to the respective Indicative Present Simple inflections. In modern Portuguese, for second conjugation verbs ending -zer, the e will also be dropped in the second person singular. Examples: diz is preferred to dize, seduz to seduze, faz to faze.

Present inflections pronunciation

In this tense, the stress fluctuates between the radical and the termination. As a rule of thumb, the last radical vowel (the one that can be stressed) will retain its original pronunciation when unstressed (atonic) and change into a, e (Subjunctive or Indicative 1st pers sing)/ɛ (Infinitive), or o (Subjuntive or Indicative 1st pers sing)/ɔ (Infinitive) - depending on the vowel in question - in case it is stressed (is in a tonic syllable). Other vowels (u, i) and nasalized sounds will probably stay unchanged. Examples: See the conjugation of comer -u- above, in the Indicative Present Simple. The o will assume three values u, o and ɔ. Compare with absorver -ɔ-. It will be conjugated as ɐ·ˈbsoɾ·vu, ɐ·ˈbsɔɾ·vɨʃ, ɐ·ˈbsɔɾ·vɨ, ɐ·bsɔɾ·ˈve·muʃ, ɐ·bsɔɾ·ˈvɐjʃ, ɐ·ˈbsɔɾ·vɐ̃j. The value u is not assumed in this case. This also has repercussions in the Imperative, for its inflections are constructed from the Indicative Present Simple.