olyka

Olyka (Polish Ołyka) is a town in Ukraine in the region of Volhynia. It is located east of Lutsk on the Putilovka river and has approximately 3 800 inhabitants (1992).

History

The village of Olyka was founded in early Middle Ages as one of the villages belonging to the Duchy of Kiev. It was first mentioned in 1149. In 14th century it was conquered by Grand Duchy of Lithuania and in 1569, in the effect of the Union of Lublin became part of Poland. In the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth the village grew rapidly and became a centre of local magnates, initially the family of Kiszko and after 1533 - the Radziwiłłs. In second half of the 16th century the town became one of the most important centres of Calvinism in Poland. Its' growth was halted by the Chmielnicki Uprising of 1648, during which the town was captured by Cossacks, plundered and burnt. However, it was soon rebuilt and in 1654 it received the city rights. As the main seat of one of the branches of the influential Radziwiłł family, Ołyka became one of the most important political and trade centres of whole Volhynia. After the Partitions of Poland in 1795 the town was annexed by Russia. In 19th century it continued to play its role as a centre of wood and grain trade. During World War I in 1915 and 1916 the area was a scene of heavy fighting between the forces of Russia and Austria-Hungary. After the Polish-Bolshevik War the town was restored to Poland and the local palace was refurbished. In the effect of the Polish Defence War of 1939 and the Nazi-Soviet Alliance, the town was occupied by Soviet Union. After the Operation Barbarossa the German occupation started and lasted until 1944. After World War II the area was annexed by the Soviet Union and incorporated into the Ukrainian SSR. Since 1991 it is a part of Ukraine.

Notable landmarks

Radziwiłł family palace - early 17th century, expanded in mid-18th century, damaged after 1945, restored after 1990
18th century fortifications around the palace
Roman Catholic collegiate (1635-1645, destroyed after 1945)
Several churches
City gate (early 17th century)

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