Nitrogen Tetroxide

align="center" colspan="2" |
align="center" colspan="2" | IUPAC name
Dinitrogen tetroxide
bgcolor="#ffddaa" colspan="2" | General
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Chemical formula N2O4
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Molecular weight 92.011 amu
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Appearance Yellow-brown liquid; vapor is reddish-brown
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | CAS number 10544-72-6
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | MSDS link N2O4_MSDS_pdf
bgcolor="#ffddaa" colspan="2" | Physical properties
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Density and phase at STP ? g/cm3 (?)
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Solubility ?
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Specific gravity ?
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Crystal structure ?
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | pH (10% solution with water)
(pKa)		 ?
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Acidity constant
(pKa)		 ?
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Thermal decomposition ? K (? °C)
bgcolor="#ffddaa" colspan="2" | Phase behavior
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Melting point 261.928 K (-11.2 °C)
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Boiling point 310.15 K (21.1 °C)
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Triple point ? K (? °C)
? bar
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Critical point ? K (? °C)
? bar
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Heat of fusion
(ΔfusH)		 ? kJ/mol
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Entropy of fusion
(ΔfusS)		 ? J/mol·K
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Heat of vaporization
(ΔvapH)		 ? kJ/mol
bgcolor="#ffddaa" colspan="2" | Safety
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Ingestion ?
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Inhalation ?
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Skin ?
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Eyes ?
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Flash point ? °C
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Autoignition temperature ? °C
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Explosive limits ? - ?%
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit
(PEL)		 ? ppm
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | NIOSH Immediate Danger to Life and Health
(IDLH)		 ? ppm
bgcolor="#ffeedd" colspan="2" | Precautions
colspan="2" |
  • Hazards:
    • ?
  • Personal protection:
    • ?
  • Reacts with:
    • ?
  • Storage:
    • ?
bgcolor="#ffddaa" colspan="2" | Solid properties
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Standard enthalpy change of formation
(ΔfH0solid)		 ? kJ/mol
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Standard molar entropy
(S0solid)		 ? J/mol·K
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Heat capacity
(Cp)		 ? J/mol·K
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Density ? g/cm3
bgcolor="#ffddaa" colspan="2" | Liquid properties
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | ΔfH0liquid ? kJ/mol
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | S0liquid ? J/mol·K
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Cp ? J/mol·K
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Density ? g/cm3
bgcolor="#ffddaa" colspan="2" | Gas properties
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | ΔfH0gas ? kJ/mol
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | S0gas ? J/mol·K
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Cp ? J/mol·K
bgcolor="#ffddaa" colspan="2" align="center" | Except where noted, all data was produced under conditions of standard temperature and pressure.
Nitrogen tetroxide (or Dinitrogen tetroxide) (N2O4) is a hypergolic propellant often used in combination with a hydrazine-based rocket fuel. The combination was used to fuel the Titan rockets used in the Gemini missions, and is still used today in the second stage engines of Delta II rockets. By the late 1950's it became the storable oxidizer of choice for rockets in both the USA and USSR. http://www.friends-partners.org/partners/mwade/props/rocindex.htm Nitrogen dioxide is made by the catalytic oxidation of ammonia: steam is used as a diluent to reduce the combustion temperature. Most of the water is condensed out, and the gases are further cooled; the nitric oxide which was produced is oxidised to nitrogen dioxide, and the remainder of the water is removed as nitric acid. The gas is essentially pure nitrogen tetroxide, which is condensed in a brine-cooled liquefier. Nitrogen tetroxide is a brownish yellow liquid which is easily vaporized. It is a powerful oxidizer, and is highly toxic and corrosive. However, it is not affected by mechanical shock and does not react with air. Dinitrogen tetroxide is always in equilibrium with Nitrogen_Dioxide (NO2) and some Nitrogen Dioxide will be present in any quantity of Nitrogen tetroxide, higher temperatures push the equilibrium towards Nitrogen Dioxide. Nitrogen tetroxide is sometimes a component of smog.

 

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