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Naucalpan De JurezNaucalpan de Jurez ("Naucalpan") is a municipality in the Mexican state of Mxico. It is one of the state's most industrialized municipalities, second only to Toluca, its capital. It borders with the northernmost part of Distrito Federal, and it is part of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area, which is the second largest Metropolitan Area of the world. Naucalpan is also the birthplace of the Mexican rock band Caf Tacuba, whose members are often called "The Blessed Children of Naucalpan" by the media. Toponymy Symbol The Nahuatl symbol for Naucalpan (often inaccurately referred to as its Coat of Arms) is composed of four concentric rings located on the upper part, above the symbol of Calpulli (house exerting the power); under them, the symbol for "land", and the symbol of Pan (place) in the bottom. Meaning of the name The name Naucalpan derives from the Nhuatl "Nahui-Calli-Pan", which literally translates into "Four-House-Place". The derived meaning is "Place of the Four Houses", with the houses being Tlatilco (place of hidden things), Totoltepec (place of birds), Huitzilacasco (place between spears) and Totolinga (place of chickens). History The Tlatilcan culture arrived to the lands of Naucalpan between the years 1700 to 600 BC. By 1400 BC the area had great influence and presence of Otomi groups, and was called Otocampulco (on the place of Otomies). The Chichimecan culture arrived between the years 1000 and 1200, and built the pyramid now known as "Pirmide del Conde", as it was found during the construction of a residential area of the same name. In 1428 the territory was claimed by the Tepanecan empire of Azcapotzalco, but after being defeated by the Mexican Triple Alliance the territory was given to the kingdom of Tlacopan, which later became known as Tacuba. It is at this time when the new Mexican rulers gave the territory the name of Naucalpan. In 1521, after the fall of the Great Tenochtitln and with the evangelization of mesoamerican cultures, Naucalpan was baptized as "Saint Bartholome Naucalpan". On the event of the wedding of the aztec princess Isabel Moctezuma Tecuichpo and spaniard Alonso de Grado, Hernn Corts conceded the territory of Tacuba (which included Naucalpan) as a wedding gift. During the colonial period Naucalpan became an important mining place for sand, grave and limestone; this was used in the building of important churches and imperial buildings, such as the Mexico City Cathedral and the Mexican National Palace. In 1574 the construction of a sanctuary for Our Lady of Los Remedios began, which concluded in August of 1575. This sanctuary was further expanded over the years, and in 2000 was elevated to the rank of Basilica. In 1810, on the break of the Independence War, the spanish army brought the image of the Virgin of Los Remedios to the capital and dressed her as a captain, naming her "Guardian of the spanish army", much to the discontent of the indigenous population of Naucalpan. When the independence war ended, Naucalpan became part of the neighbouring territory of Tlalnepantla, but with a government of its own. When the state of Mexico is founded on March 2, 1824, an election was called to form the first municipalities. As a result, on January 1, 1826 Naucalpan became a municipality of its own. Naucalpan held special significance to Benito Jurez, who used it as a retreat after he returned from New Orleans, and in later years as a personal villa. It was from Naucalpan where Benito Jurez departed for Quertaro on November 5, 1860; a couple of months before he returned to Mexico City to establish unity. Under Jurez's government, Naucalpan started its industrialization. Benito Juarez himself inaugurated the Ro Hondo Fabrics Factory in 1869 (even though the factory was founded in 1867) and the "Mexicas Bridge", a path across the Ro de los Remedios that helped establish a faster trade route between Naucalpan and Mexico City. Two years after Jurez died, on September 3, 1874, the congress of the State of Mxico gave Naucalpan the category of Villa with the name "Villa de Jurez". On December 8, 1894 a bullfighting arena (the first Toreo) is built using a wood structure. 53 years later it would be moved to a new location (Cuatro Caminos) and rebuilt with a steel structure. On August 10 1906, under Porfirio Daz's rule, electricity was first introduced to Naucalpan. During the Revolution years (1910-1920), many revolutionary figures emerged from Naucalpan, such as Romn Daz Rosas, Arnulfo Chvez, Alfredo Basurto Garca, Camilo Santos, Encarnacin Daz, Ezequiel Villaviscencio, Felipe ngel Fortuo Miramn, Joaqun Bolaos Camacho, Luis Medina Barrn, Manuel Ramrez, Manuel Villanueva, Rodolfo Gonzlez, Toribio Velasco and Romn Daz Rosas. In 1947 the reubicated Toreo de Cuatro Caminos ends construction. With a dome shaped structure and larger capacity than the former, this time not only worked as a bullfighting arena but was also suited for concerts and other events. President Miguel Alemn Valds was involved in the project of reubication of Toreo, as he owned by this time the Rancho La Herradura, located on the north part of Naucalpan. Naucalpan achieved the category of City in 1957. That same year, the residential Ciudad Satlite began its construction, over the lands of Rancho La Herradura, which was sold by the now ex-president Miguel Alemn. Nevertheless, he kept a part of the land to himself and his family, and built a very large house where he spent the rest of his days. In 1963, the Plaza Satlite shopping center is founded, just an avenue apart from Miguel Alemn's residence. In 1976 the Congress of the state gave the municipality its actual name of Naucalpan de Jurez. In 1981 an ejidal area known as "Ejido de Oro" is turned into a municipal park, under the name of Naucalli; today it represents one of the main sources of oxygen of the urban zone. Because of the accelerated development of its industry, today Naucalpan is considered as one of the most important municipalities in Mexico. Geography Population Total: 883,863 Male: 426,818: 48.3% Female: 457,399: 51.75% Extension Total: 155.70 sq. km. Non urban: 55% Urban: 45% Altitude 2258 - 3650 m. above sea level. Climate Temperate; rainy from May to September. Temperature average: 3C – 18C, (October to March) 6C – 32.5C (April to September) Hydrology Six rivers, seven dams, twelve manantials, three aqueducts. Torres de Satlite (Satelite Towers) These towers are located in Ciudad Satlite (Satellite City), a middle class residential zone, in the northern part of Naucalpan. One of the country's first urban sculptures of great dimensions, had its planning started in 1957 with the ideas of renowned mexican architect Luis Barragn, painter Jess Reyes Ferreira and sculpturer Mathias Goeritz. The project was originally planned to be composed of seven towers, with the tallest one reaching a height of 200 meters (about 650 feet), but a budget reduction forced the design to be composed of only five towers, with the tallest measuring 52 meters (170 feet) and the shortest 30 meters (98 feet). Goeritz originally wanted the towers to be painted in different shades of orange, but changed his mind later due to some pressure from constructors and investors. It was finally decided the towers would be painted in red, blue, yellow and white, the so (incorrectly) called primary substractive colors. Thus, in the first days of March 1958, the Satelite Towers were inaugurated as the symbol of the newborn and modern Ciudad Satlite. Recently, they have been promoted by the local government to be included into the UNESCO's World Heritage Sites list.
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