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Music Of SardiniaProbably the most culturally distinct of all the regions in Italy, Sardinia is an islated island known for the tenores' polyphonic chant, sacred songs called gozos and launeddas, a type of bagpipes. Launeddas are used to play a complex style of music that has achieved some international attention, especially Dionigi Burranca, Antonio Lara, Luigi Lai and Efisio Melis; Burranca, like many of the most famous launedda musicians, is from Samatzai in Cagliari. An ancient instrument, dating back to at least the 8th century BC, launeddas are still played during religious ceremonies and dances (su ballu). Distinctively, they are played using extensive variations on a few melodic phrases, and a single song can last over an hour. Traditional guitar music is also found in Sardinia, represented by performers like Nino Cau; this genre is especially well-known in the northwest region of Sassari. Traditional dances include tundu, passu torrau, durdurinu, dillu, logudoresa, arroxiada, passu e trese, and campidanesa Aside from the launeddas, traditional isntruments include benas, organittu, ghitterra, tamburrinos. Rural polyphonic chanting of the tenores is related to Corsican music and is sung with four vocal parts. They are bassu (bass), mesa boghe (middle), contra (counter) and boghe (leader and soloist). The most popular group is Tenores di Bitti, and others include Tenores de Oniferi. Sacred gozos, or sacred songs, can be heard during religious celebrations, sung by choruses like Su Cuncordu 'e su Rosariu. Other influential Sardinian musicians include Totore Chessa (organetto), Maria Carta (singer), 1930s launedda legend Efisio Melis, Luciano Berio, Maria Carta, Mauro Palmas, Elena Ledda of Sonos and Suonofficina, Cordas et Cannas, Paolo Fresu (trumpet) and Gesuino Deiana (guitar).
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