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MontmorilloniteMontmorillonite is a very soft mineral that typically forms in microscopic crystals, forming a clay. It is the main constituent of the volcanic ash Bentonite. Montmorillonite's water content is variable and it increases greatly in volume when it absorbs water. Discovered 1847 in Montmorillon in the Vienne prefecture of France. It is found in may locations world wide. Chemically it is Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminum Magnesium Silicate Hydroxide (Na, Ca)x(Al, Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 - nH2O. The exact ratio of anions varies with source. It is used in the oil drilling industry as a component of drilling mud, making the water viscous which helps keeping the drill head cool and in removing drill debris. It is also used as a soil additive to slow progress of water; useful to farmers in drought prone areas, to the construction of earthen dams and levees and to prevent the leakage of fluids. It is used as a component of foundry sand. It is also used therapeutically on humans. External links
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