may 31

May 31 is the 151st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (152nd in leap years), with 214 days remaining, as the last day of May.

Events

1578 - Martin Frobisher sails from Harwich, England to Frobisher Bay, Canada, eventually to mine fool's gold, used to pave streets in London.
1669 - Citing poor eyesight, Samuel Pepys records the last event in his diary.
1678 - The Godiva procession through Coventry begins.
1759 - The Province of Pennsylvania bans all theater productions.
1790 - Alferez Manuel Quimper explores the Strait of Juan de Fuca.
1862 - American Civil War: The Battle of Seven Pines.
1864 - American Civil War: The Battle of Cold Harbor begins.
1866 - In the Fenian Invasion of Canada, John O'Neill leads 850 Fenian raiders across the Niagara River at Buffalo, New York/Fort Erie, Ontario, as part of an effort to free Ireland from the English. Canadian militia and British regulars repulse the invaders in over the next three days, at a cost of 9 dead and 38 wounded to the Fenian's 19 dead and about 17 wounded.
1884 - John Harvey Kellogg patents corn flakes.
1889 - Johnstown Flood: Over 2200 people die after a dam break sends a 60-foot (18-meter) wall of water over the town of Johnstown, Pennsylvania.

1902 - Second Boer War: The last Afrikaner resistance forces sign a peace treaty with the British at Pretoria, ending the war, and ensuring British control of South Africa.
1910 - Creation of the Union of South Africa.
1913 - The Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, authorizing direct election of United States Senators, is declared ratified.
1916 - World War I: The German and British navies clash in the Battle of Jutland, the largest naval battle of the war.
1921 - Tulsa Race Riot: More than 300 are killed in a race riot in Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA.
1921 - Comedian Buster Keaton marries actress Natalie Talmadge.
1924 - The Soviet Union signs an agreement with the Peking government, referring to Outer Mongolia as an "integral part of the Republic of China", whose "sovereignty" therein the Soviet Union promises to respect
1942 - World War II: The Luftwaffe bombs Coventry, England
1952 - Dwight D. Eisenhower retires from active service in the United States Army.
1961 - Creation of the Republic of South Africa.
1962 - The West Indies Federation dissolves
1974 - Syria and Israel sign a disengagement agreement to resolve the Yom Kippur War
1977 - The Trans-Alaska Pipeline System is completed.
1985 - The US-Canadian Outbreak: Forty-one tornadoes hit Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, and Ontario, leaving 76 dead.
1997 - Canada's Confederation Bridge opens, linking Prince Edward Island with mainland New Brunswick.

2002 - The 17th Football World Cup, co-hosted by Japan and South Korea, begins with a 1-0 upset of France by Senegal. The tournament ends on June 30, with Brazil winning a record fifth World Cup title.
2003 - The final flight of an Air France Concorde takes place.
2003 - Bomber Eric Rudolph is captured in Murphy, North Carolina.
2004 - A foul-up during routine software update at the Royal Bank of Canada leads to a three-day misplacement of 10 million account balances.

1048 - Omar Khayyam, Persian poet, astronomer, mathematician and philosopher (d. 1131)
1443 - Margaret Beaufort, mother of Henry VII of England (d. 1509)
1469 - King Manuel I of Portugal (d. 1521)
1656 - Marin Marais, French composer and viol player.
1750 - Karl August of Hardenberg, statesman and reformer (d. 1822)
1753 - Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud, French revolutionist (d. 1793)
1773 - Ludwig Tieck, German poet and writer (d. 1853)
1801 - Johann Georg Baiter, Swiss philologist (d. 1887)
1819 - Walt Whitman, American poet (d. 1892)
1838 - Henry Sidgwick, English philosopher (d. 1900)
1857 - Pope Pius XI (d. 1939)
1860 - Walter Sickert, English painter (d. 1942)
1872 - Heath Robinson, English cartoonist (d. 1944)
1883 - Lauri Kristian Relander, Finnish president (d. 1942)
1892 - Michel Kikoine, Belarus paitner (d. 1968)
1894 - Fred Allen, American comedian (d. 1956)
1898 - Dr. Norman Vincent Peale, American clergyman (d. 1993)

Feast day of Mary, Mediatrix of all Graces
The Godiva procession
World No Tobacco day
Syaday (Discordianism) (5th day of the season of Confusion, honors Apostle Sri Syadasti)

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