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matrix addition (dict)

Matrix Addition

The usual matrix addition is defined for two matrices of same dimensions. The sum of two m-by-n matrices A and B, denoted by A + B, is again an m-by-n matrix computed by adding corresponding elements, i.e., (A + B)j = Aj + Bj''. For example
   \begin{bmatrix}     1 & 3 \\     1 & 0 \\    1 & 2   \end{bmatrix} 
+
   \begin{bmatrix}     0 & 0 \\     7 & 5 \\     2 & 1   \end{bmatrix} 
=
   \begin{bmatrix}     1+0 & 3+0 \\     1+7 & 0+5 \\     1+2 & 2+1   \end{bmatrix} 
=
   \begin{bmatrix}     1 & 3 \\     8 & 5 \\     3 & 3   \end{bmatrix} 
The m × n matrices with matrix addition as operation form an abelian group. For any arbitrary matrices A (of size m × n) and B (of size p × q), we have the direct sum of A and B, denoted by A \oplus B and defined as
   
   A \oplus B =   \begin{bmatrix}      a_{11} & \cdots & a_{1n} &      0 & \cdots &      0 \\      \vdots & \cdots & \vdots & \vdots & \cdots & \vdots \\     a_{m 1} & \cdots & a_{mn} &      0 & \cdots &      0 \\           0 & \cdots &      0 & b_{11} & \cdots &  b_{1q} \\      \vdots & \cdots & \vdots & \vdots & \cdots & \vdots \\           0 & \cdots &      0 & b_{p1} & \cdots &  b_{pq}    \end{bmatrix} 
For instance,
   \begin{bmatrix}     1 & 3 & 2 \\     2 & 3 & 1   \end{bmatrix} 
\oplus
   \begin{bmatrix}     1 & 6 \\     0 & 1   \end{bmatrix} 
=
   \begin{bmatrix}     1 & 3 & 2 & 0 & 0 \\     2 & 3 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\     0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 6 \\     0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1   \end{bmatrix} 
Note that any element in the direct sum of two vector spaces of matrices could be represented as a direct sum of two matrices.

 

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