Master Theorem

In the analysis of algorithms, the master theorem, which is a specific case of the Akra-Bazzi theorem, provides a cookbook solution in asymptotic terms for recurrence relations of types that occur in practice. Suppose given such a relation of the form
T(n) = a T\left(\frac{n}{b}\right) + f(n)\,
where
a \ge 1\,
and
b > 1\,
are taken as constants and
\frac{n}{b}\,
is interpreted as either
\left\lfloor \frac{n}{b} \right\rfloor\, (the floor function)
or as
\left\lceil \frac{n}{b} \right\rceil\, (the ceiling function)
of the ratio
\frac{n}{b}.
Then we may bound the relation
T(n)\,
according to one of the following three cases: Case 1: If
f(n) \in O\left( n^{\log_b a - \varepsilon} \right) (the big-O notation)
for some constant
\varepsilon > 0\,
then
T(n) \in \Theta\left( n^{\log_b a} \right).\,
Case 2: If
f(n) \in \Theta\left( n^{\log_b a} \right)\,
then
T(n) \in \Theta\left( n^{\log_b a} \log(n)\right).\,
Case 3: If
f(n) \in \Omega\left( n^{\log_b a + \varepsilon} \right)
for some constant
\varepsilon > 0
and if
a f\left( \frac{n}{b} \right) \le c f(n)
for some constant
c < 1
and for some sufficiently large n, then T(n) \in \Theta(f(n)). See also MacMahon's master theorem.

 

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