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Luna 24 | font size="+1"> Luna 24 | | olspan="2" bgcolor="#000000" align="center" font size="-1" color="#ffffff"| | | b> Organization: | Soviet Union | | b> Major Contractors: | NPO Lavochkin | | b> Mission Type: | Planetary Science
Lunar Sample Return | | b> Satellite of: | Moon | | b> Launch: | August 9, 1976 at
15:04:12 UTC | | b> Launch Vehicle: | Proton 8K82K + Blok D | | b> Mission Highlight: | 170 gram Lunar sample
returned to earth on
August 23, 1976,
05:55 UTC 200 km Southeast of
Surgut, western Siberia. | | b> Mission Duration: | 14 days | | b> Mass: | 5,800 kg | | b> NSSDC ID: | 1976-081A | | b> Webpage: | NASA NSSDC Master Catalog | | olspan="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" bgcolor="#skyblue"|Orbital elements | | b> Semimajor Axis: | 6,492.8 km | | b> Eccentricity: | 0 | | b> Inclination: | 120 | | b> Orbital Period: | 119 minutes | | b> Apogee: | 115 km | | b> Perigee: | 115 km | | b> Orbits: | ~48 | | b>Entered Lunar orbit: | August 14, 1976 | | b>Lunar Landing: | August 18, 1976,
06:36 UTC | b>Landing
coordinates: | 12 45' N, 62 12' E . | | b>Lunar liftoff: | August 19, 1976,
05:25 UTC | | olspan="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" bgcolor="#skyblue"|Instruments | | b> Stereo imaging system : | Lunar photography | | b> Improved Drill/Remote arm for sample collection : | collect lunar material | | b> Radiation detector : | Lunar radiation environment | | b> Radio-altimeter : | Lunar surface composition | Luna 24 was an unmanned space mission of the Luna program, also called Lunik 24. The last of the Luna series of spacecraft, the mission of the Luna 24 probe was the third Soviet mission to retrieve lunar soil samples (the first two missions returning samples were Luna 16 and Luna 20). The probe landed in the area known as Mare Crisium (Sea of Crisis). The mission successfully returned 170 grams of lunar samples to the Earth on 22 August 1976. Luna 24 was the third attempt to recover a sample from the unexplored Mare Crisium (after Luna 23 and a launch failure in October 1975), the location of a large lunar mascon. After a trajectory correction on 11 August 1976, Luna 24 entered orbit around the Moon three days later. Initial orbital parameters were 115 x 115 kilometers at 120 inclination. After further changes to its orbit, Luna 24 set down safely on the lunar surface at 06:36 UT on 18 August 1976 at 1245' north latitude and 6212' east longitude, not far from where Luna 23 had landed. After appropriate commands from ground control, the Lander deployed its sample arm and pushed its drilling head about 2 meters into the nearby soil. The sample was safely stowed in the small return capsule, and after nearly a day on the Moon, Luna 24 lifted off successfully from the Moon at 05:25 UT on 19 August 1976. After an uneventful return trip, Luna 24s capsule entered Earths atmosphere and parachuted down to Earth safely at 05:55 UT on 23 August 1976, about 200 kilometers southeast of Surgut in western Siberia. Study of the recovered 170.1 grams of soil indicated a laminated type structure, as if laid down in successive deposits. Tiny portions of the sample were shared with NASA in December 1976. Luna 24 remains the last Soviet or Russian probe to the Moon. An American spacecraft ( Clementine) returned to the Moon over fourteen years later. - Launch Date/Time: 1976-08-09 at 15:04:12 UTC
- On-orbit dry mass: 4800 kg
As of 2003 neither the Soviet Union nor the countries of the former Soviet Union have soft landed any other spacecraft to the Moon, although they did launch several unmanned spacecraft to Venus, Mars and also two to Comet Halley.
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