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Literature Of QuebecThis is an article about '''Literature in the Province of Quebec, Canada XVIth and XVIIth centuries During this period, the society of New France was being built with great difficulty. The French merchants contracted to transport colonists did not respect their end of the bargain, and the French and their Indian allies were at war with the Iroquois, allied to the English until 1701, etc. In spite of this, some notable documents were produced in the early days of colonization and were passed down from generation to generation until today. The Voyage of Jacques Cartier, the Muses de la Nouvelle-France of Marc Lescarbot, the Voyages of Samuel de Champlain are memoirs of the exploration of North America and the foundation of New France. The Relations des jsuites, Le Grand voyage au pays des Hurons of Gabriel Sagard, the crits of Marguerite Bourgeois were written by the many religious founders of New France who had undertaken the task of converting the Sauvages to Christianity. Many songs and poems were transmitted orally by the early French settlers. A popular French ballad, la claire fontaine was adapted by the voyageurs and gave us the version that is known today in Quebec. The first patrotic song of Quebec (then known as le Canada) was written by a soldier, Franois Mariauchau d'Esgly. Entitled C'est le Gnral de Flip, it paid tribute to the resistance of the French at Quebec during the siege of General William Phips in 1690. XVIIIth century Until 1760, the themes of nature, explorations, and the Sauvages continued to mark the imagination of the civilization of New France. The Moeurs des sauvages amricains of Joseph Lafiteau, Histoire de l'Amrique septentrionale of Bacqueville de la Potherie and the Histoire et description gnrale de la Nouvelle-France are in continuity with the writings of the preceding century. The first verified use of the term Canadien to designate the descendants of French settlers in Canada was written in a song composed in 1756 in honor of Governor Pierre de Cavagnal, Marquis de Vaudreuil after the victory of Fort Chouaguen. In 1758, tienne Marchand wrote New a famous poem in Le carillon de la Nouvelle-France. This song tells the story of the victorious battle of Fort Carillon. The first poem written by a Canadien after the France chose to keep its territory of Guadeloupe and cede the northern portion of New France to Great Britain is Quand Georges trois pris l'Canada written by an anonymous author in 1763. The Quebec Gazette newspaper was founded in Quebec City by William Brown on June 21, 1764. The bilingual paper was published in both the French language and the English language and over the years survived to be the oldest newspaer still publishing in North america. The literary trends of Europe and the rest of America slowly penetrated the cities, primarily Quebec City and Montreal. The writings of the Enlightenment and those produced at the time of the American and French revolutions were dominant in the available literature. Valentin Jautard and Fleury Mesplet published the first journal of Quebec, the Gazette du commerce et littraire, in 1778–79. Valentin Jautard, a disciple of Voltaire and sympathizer with the American cause, published many poems under different pseudonyms. Some notable names of the time are Joseph-Octave Plessis, Ross Cuthbert, Joseph Quesnel and Pierre de Sales Laterrire. XIXth century The 19th century marks the beginning of the first real literary works published by Quebecers, including Michel Bibaud, Pierre Boucher de Boucherville, Franois Ral Angers, Philippe Aubert de Gasp (son), Amde Papineau, Joseph Doutre, Franois-Xavier Garneau, Pierre Jean Olivier Chauveau, John Huston, Louis-Antoine Dessaulles, H.-mile Chevalier. By 1860s, Quebec authors were able to acquire a certain autonomy. It was now easier to publish a book and mass produce it. Antoine Grin-Lajoie, Philippe Aubert de Gasp (father), Louis Frchette, Arthur Buies, William Kirby, Honor Beaugrand, Laure Conan, Edith Maude Eaton, William Chapman, Jules-Paul Tardivel, Winnifred Eaton, Pamphile Lemay were some of the key writers in this era. An anonymous song, Les Raftsmen, became popular at the beginning of this century. XXth century See also External links
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