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Lists Of Office-holdersThese are lists of incumbents, i.e. lists of people in various offices and positions, including heads of states or of subnational entities (in no particular order). A historical discipline, archontology, focuses on the study of past and current incumbents. Current incumbents may also be found in the countries' articles (main article and "Politics of") and the list of national leaders, recent changes on 2005 in politics, and past leaders on State leaders by year and Colonial governors by year. Various articles group lists by title, function or topic: e.g. abdication, assassinated persons, cabinet, chancellor, ex-monarchs (20th century), head of government, head of state, lieutenant governor, mayor, military commanders, minister (and ministers by portfolio below), order of precedence, peerage, president, prime minister, Reichstag participants (1792), Secretary of State. Religious leaders see also Religious leaders by year England and ecclesiastical dependencies Other Heads of International Organizations see also International organization leaders by year See also: List of international organization leaders in 2003, 2004 Heads of state or government (defunct entities) Ancient world - Akkad
- Assyria
- Athens
- Babylon
- Bithynia
- British Isles
- Cappadocia
- Carthage
- Cyrene
- Dacia
- Egypt
- Galatia
- Hanilgalbat
- Hittites
- India
- Indo-Greek kings, see Indo-Greek Kingdom
- Greco-Bactrian kings, see Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
- Indo-Scythian kings, see Indo-Scythian
- Indo-Parthian kings, see Indo-Parthian Kingdom
- Kushan emperors, see Kushan Empire
- Western Kshatrapas
- Kings of Chera, see Chera
- Emperors of Gupta, see Gupta dynasty
- Emperors of Magadha, see Shishunaga dynasty
- List of Maurya emperors
- Emperors of Nanda, see Nanda dynasty
- Emperors of Satavahana, see Satavahana
- Emperors of Sunga, see Sunga dynasty
- Ancient Jewish rulers
- Kommagene
- Kush
- Lydia
- Macedon
- Mauretania
- The Medes
- Nabatea
- Numidia
- Osroene
- Paeonia
- Pergamon
- Persia
- Pontus
- Rome
- Scandinavia
- Sparta
- Sumer
- Syracuse
- Thrace
- Tyre
- Ugarit
- Urartu
Africa Americas Asia (excl. Latin, Hellenic and Arabic) - List of Kings of Ani
- List of Armenian Kings
- Monarchs of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
- Ahom Rulers of Assam
- Kings of Ayutthaya, see Ayutthaya kingdom
- The Table of Chinese monarchs
- Sultans of Delhi, see Delhi Sultanate
- Ghaznavid emperors, see Ghaznavid Empire
- Kings of Golconda, see Qutb Shahi dynasty
- Emperors of Gupta, see Gupta dynasty
- Kings of Gujarat, see Solanki
- List of Indian monarchs
- List of Emperors of Japan
- Khans of Kara-Khitai, see Kara-Khitan Khanate
- List of Kazan khans
- Khmer emperors, see Khmer Empire
- Rulers of Korea
- List of Mughal emperors
- Emperors of Pala, see Pala Empire
- Pallava emperors, see Pallava
- Kings of Tamil Nadu, see Cholas
- List of emperors of Tibet
- Kings of Sukhothai, see Sukhothai kingdom
- Vijayanagaran emperors, see Vijayanagara empire
- Kings of Vietnam, see History of Vietnam
Near Eastern (Arabic, Turk, Kurd) Oceania Heads of state or government (modern entities) See also: List of national leaders (in office), state leaders by year. see also Canadian incumbents by year - Albania
- Andorra
- Austria
- Belgium
- Bulgaria
- Croatia
- Czechoslovakia
- Czech Republic, Bohemia, Czech lands
- Denmark
- Estonia
- Finland
- France
- Germany
- Gibraltar
- Greece
- Greenland
- Hungary
- Iberian Peninsula: Spain, Portugal
- Iceland
- Ireland
- Italy
- Latvia
- Liechtenstein
- Lithuania
- Luxembourg
- Malta
- Monaco
- Montenegro
- Netherlands
- Norway
- Poland
- Portugal
- see Iberian Peninsula above
- Romania
- Russia and the Soviet Union
- San Marino
- Serbia
- Spain
- see Iberian Peninsula above
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- Sweden
- Switzerland
- Turkey
- United Kingdom
- Kings of England, Scotland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom
- Cabinet of the United Kingdom
- Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1721-present)
- Chancellor of the Exchequer (1559-present)
- Secretary of State for Northern Ireland (1972-present)
- Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs (1968-present)
- Secretary of State for the Colonies (1768-1782; 1794-1801; 1854-1966)
- Secretary of State for India (1858-1947)
- Secretary of State for the Southern Department (1660-1782)
- Secretary of State for the Northern Department (1660-1782)
- Secretary of State for the Home Department (1782-present)
- Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (1782-1968)
- Secretary of State for War (1794-1801; 1854-1966)
- Secretary of State for War and the Colonies (1801-1854)
- Secretary of State for Air (1918-1966)
- Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs (1925-1947)
- Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations (1947-1966)
- Secretary of State for Commonwealth Affairs (1966-1968)
- Secretary of State for Scotland (1926-present)
- Secretary of State for Wales (1964-present)
- Secretary of State for International Development (1970-1979, 1997-present)
- Secretary of State for Work and Pensions (1970-present)
- Secretary of State for Education and Skills (and preceding positions, 1902-present)
- Secretary of State for Employment (and preceding positions, 1916-present)
- Secretary of State for Transport (and preceding positions, 1924-present)
- Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport (and preceding positions, 1992-present)
- Secretary of State for Northern Ireland (1972-present)
- Secretary of State for the Environment (1970-1997)
- Secretary of State for the Environment, Transport and the Regions (1997-2001)
- Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (2001-present)
- Lord Chancellor (1068-present)
- Lord President of the Council (1678-present)
- Lord Privy Seal (1307-present)
- Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (and preceding positions, 1889-2001)
- First Lord of the Admiralty, (1709-1964), see also Admiralty
- Master-General of the Ordnance (1544-1855)
- President of the Board of Trade (1696-1782; 1784-present)
- Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (1413-present)
- Postmaster General (1823-1968)
- Paymaster of the Forces (1661-1836)
- Master-General of the Ordnance (1544-1855)
- Master of the Mint (1572-1869)
- Treasurer of the Navy (1544-1836)
- Secretary at War (1661-1863)
- First Commissioner of Woods and Forests (1810-1851)
- First Commissioner of Works (1851-1937)
- President of the Poor Law Board (1834-1871)
- President of the Local Government Board (1871-1919)
- Secretary for Scotland (1885-1926)
- HM Treasury
- Leader of the House of Commons (1721-present)
- Great Officers of State
- Officers of the Royal Household
- Legal Officers
- Judges
- Members of Parliament elected in 2001
- Heads of London Government
- Members of the House of Lords
- Judiciary
- Duke of Devonshire
- Bailiffs of Guernsey
- Tenants of Herm
- Bailiffs of Jersey
- Duke of Norfolk
- Seigneurs of Sark
- Tenants of Brecqhou
- Isle of Man
- Rulers of Wales
- Commissioners of the British Antarctic Territory
- High Commissioners of the British Antarctic Territory
- United Kingdom order of precedence
- Vatican City
Australia Belgium Canada See also: Canadian history timeline for the premiers in any given year; List of mayors in Canada Finland France Germany India Sweden United States Ministers by portfolio Municipal leaders Argentina Australia Canada Germany Ireland United Kingdom USA - Mayors of Baltimore, Maryland
- Mayors of Bloomington, Minnesota
- Mayors of Chicago
- Mayors of Coon Rapids, Minnesota
- Mayors of Dallas, Texas
- Mayors of Denver, Colorado
- Mayors of Detroit, Michigan
- Mayors of El Paso, Texas
- Mayors of Houston, Texas
- Mayors of Las Vegas, Nevada
- Mayors of Littleton, Colorado
- Mayors of Los Angeles, California
- Mayors of Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Mayors of Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Mayors of New York City
- Mayors of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Mayors of Raleigh, North Carolina
- Mayors of Sacramento, California
- Mayors of Vancouver, Washington
- Mayors of Washington, D.C.
External links
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