| Dates | Prime minister | | March 17 - June 6, 1861 | Camillo Benso conte di Cavour |
| June 6, 1861 - March 4, 1862 | Bettino Ricsoli |
| March 4 - December 9, 1862 | Urbano Rattazzi |
| December 9, 1862 - March 24, 1863 | Luigi Carlo Farini |
| March 24, 1863 - September 23, 1864 | Marco Minghetti |
| September 23, 1864 - June 17, 1866 | Alfonso Ferrero, Cavaliere La-Mrmora |
| June 17, 1866 - April 11, 1867 | Bettino Ricsoli (2nd time) |
| April 11, 1867 - October 27, 1867 | Urbano Rattazzi (2nd time) |
| October 27, 1867 - December 12, 1869 | Federico Luigi, Conte Menabrea |
| December 12, 1869 - August 10, 1873 | Giovanni Lanza |
| August 10, 1873 - March 25, 1876 | Marco Minghetti (2nd time) |
| March 25, 1876 - March 23, 1878 | Agostino Depretis |
| March 23 - December 18, 1878 | Benedetto Ciroli |
| 1878 - 1879 | Agostino Depretis (2nd time) |
| 1879 - 1881 | Benedetto Ciroli (2nd time) |
| 1881 - 1887 | Agostino Depretis (3rd time) |
| 1887 - 1891 | Francesco Crispi |
| 1891 - 1892 | Antonio Starabba, Marchese di Rudin |
| 1892 - 1893 | Giovanni Giolitti |
| 1893 - 1896 | Francesco Crispi (2nd time) |
| 1896 - 1898 | Antonio Starabba, Marchese di Rudin (2nd time) |
| 1898 - 1900 | Luigi Pelloux |
| 1900 - 1901 | Giuseppe Saracco |
| 1901 - 1903 | Giuseppe Zanardelli |
| 1903 - 1905 | Giovanni Giolitti (2nd time) |
| 1905 - 1906 | Alessandro Fortis |
| 1906 | Sidney Sonnino |
| 1906 - 1909 | Giovanni Giolitti (3rd time) |
| 1909 - 1910 | Sidney Sonnino (2nd time) |
| 1910 - 1911 | Luigi Luzzatti |
| 1911 - 1914 | Giovanni Giolitti (4th time) |
| 1914 - 1916 | Antonio Salandra |
| 1916 - 1917 | Paolo Boselli |
| 1917 - 1919 | Vittorio Emanuele Orlando |
| 1919 - 1920 | Francesco Saverio Nitti |
| 1920 - 1921 | Giovanni Giolitti (5th time) |
| July 4, 1921 - February 26, 1922 | Ivanoe Bonomi |
| February 26, 1922 - July 27, 1943 | Luigi Facta |
| August 8, 1922 - August 8, 1922 | Luigi Facta (2nd time) |
| October 30, 1922 - July 27, 1943 | Benito Mussolini (il Duce) |
| July 27, 1943- September 3, 1943 | General Pietro Badoglio (Provisional Military Government) |
| September 9, 1943 - June 17, 1944 | General Pietro Badoglio (Provisional Military Government) (2nd time) |
| April 22, 1944 - June 10, 1944 | General Pietro Badoglio (Provisional Military Government) (3rd time) |
| June 18, 1944 - December 10, 1944 | Ivanoe Bonomi (2nd time) |
| December 12, 1944 - April 26, 1945 | Ivanoe Bonomi (3rd time) |
| June 21, 1945 - December 8, 1945 | Ferruccio Parri |
| December 10, 1945 - July 1, 1946 | Alcide De Gasperi |
| July 13, 1946 - January 20, 1947 | Alcide De Gasperi (2nd time) |
| February 2, 1947 - May 13, 1947 | Alcide De Gasperi (3rd time) |
| May 31, 1947 - May 12, 1948 | Alcide De Gasperi (4th time) |
| May 23, 1948 - January 12, 1950 | Alcide De Gasperi (5th time) |
| January 27, 1950 - July 16, 1951 | Alcide De Gasperi (6th time) |
| July 26, 1951 - June 29, 1953 | Alcide De Gasperi (7th time) |
| July 16, 1953 - July 28, 1953 | Alcide De Gasperi (8th time) |
| August 17, 1953 - January 5, 1954 | Giuseppe Pella |
| January 18, 1954 - January 30, 1954 | Amintore Fanfani |
| February 10, 1954 - June 22, 1955 | Mario Scelba |
| July 6, 1955 - May 6, 1957 | Antonio Segni |
| May 19, 1957 - June 19, 1958 | Adone Zoli |
| July 1, 1958 - January 26, 1959 | Amintore Fanfani (2nd time) |
| February 15, 1959 - February 24, 1960 | Antonio Segni (2nd time) |
| March 25, 1960 - July 19, 1960 | Fernando Tambroni |
| July 26, 1960 - February 2, 1962 | Amintore Fanfani (3rd time) |
| February 21, 1962 - May 16, 1963 | Amintore Fanfani (4th time) |
| June 21, 1963 - November 5, 1963 | Giovanni Leone |
| December 4, 1963 - June 26, 1964 | Aldo Moro |
| July 22, 1964 - January 21, 1966 | Aldo Moro (2nd time) |
| February 23, 1966 - June 5, 1968 | Aldo Moro (3rd time) |
| June 24, 1968 - November 19, 1968 | Giovanni Leone (2nd time) |
| December 12, 1968 - July 5, 1969 | Mariano Rumor |
| August 5, 1969 - February 7, 1970 | Mariano Rumor (2nd time) |
| March 27, 1970 - July 6, 1970 | Mariano Rumor (3rd time) |
| August 6, 1970 - January 15, 1972 | Emilio Colombo |
| February 17, 1972 - February 26, 1972 | Giulio Andreotti |
| June 26, 1972 - June 12, 1973 | Giulio Andreotti (2nd time) |
| July 7, 1973 - March 2, 1974 | Mariano Rumor (4th time) |
| March 14, 1974 - October 3, 1974 | Mariano Rumor (5th time) |
| November 23, 1974 - January 7, 1976 | Aldo Moro (4th time) |
| February 12, 1976 - April 30, 1976 | Aldo Moro (5th time) |
| July 29, 1976 - January 16, 1978 | Giulio Andreotti (3rd time) |
| March 11, 1978 - January 31, 1979 | Giulio Andreotti (4th time) |
| March 20, 1979 - March 31, 1979 | Giulio Andreotti (5th time) |
| August 4, 1979 - March 19, 1980 | Francesco Cossiga |
| April 4, 1980 - September 27, 1980 | Francesco Cossiga (2nd time) |
| October 18, 1980 - May 26, 1981 | Arnaldo Forlani |
| June 28, 1981 - August 7, 1982 | Giovanni Spadolini |
| August 23, 1982 - November 13, 1982 | Giovanni Spadolini (2nd time) |
| December 1, 1982 - April 29, 1983 | Amintore Fanfani (5th time) |
| August 4, 1983 - June 27, 1986 | Bettino Craxi |
| August 1, 1986 - March 3, 1987 | Bettino Craxi (2nd time) |
| April 17, 1987 - April 28, 1987 | Amintore Fanfani (6th time) |
| July 28, 1987 - March 11, 1988 | Giovanni Goria |
| April 13, 1988 - May 19, 1989 | Ciriaco De Mita |
| July 22, 1989 - March 29, 1991 | Giulio Andreotti (6th time) |
| April 12, 1991 - April 24, 1992 | Giulio Andreotti (7th time) |
| June 28, 1992 - April 22, 1993 | Giuliano Amato |
| April 28, 1993 - April 16, 1994 | Carlo Azeglio Ciampi |
| May 10, 1994 - December 22, 1994 | Silvio Berlusconi |
| January 17, 1995 - May 17, 1996 | Lamberto Dini |
| May 18, 1996 - October 9, 1998 | Romano Prodi |
| October 21, 1998 - December 18, 1999 | Massimo D'Alema |
| December 22, 1999 - April 19, 2000 | Massimo D'Alema (2nd time) |
| April 25, 2000 - June 11, 2001 | Giuliano Amato (2nd time) |
| June 11, 2001 - today | Silvio Berlusconi (2nd time) |