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List Of New Zealand BirdsAs a land without terrestrial mammals of any kind, New Zealand was, until the arrival of the first humans, inhabited by an extraordinarily diverse range of specialised birds. The ecological niches occupied by mammals as different as cows and rodents, kangaroos and moles, were filled by reptiles, insects, or birds. When humans arrived in New Zealand sometime between 800 and 1300, this unique and unusual ecology became endangered. Several species were hunted to extinction, most notably the moa and harpagornis. The most damage however was caused by the other animals that humans brought with them, particularly rats (the Polynesian Rat or kiore imported by Maori and the Brown Rat and Black Rat subsequently introduced by Europeans), but also dogs, cats, stoats, weasels, hedgehogs, and Australian possums. The flightless birds were in particular danger. Consequently many bird species became extinct, and others remain critically endangered. Several species are now confined only to offshore islands, or to fenced "mainland islands" from which predators have been eliminated. Consequently New Zealand is today a world leader in the techniques required to bring severely endangered species back from the brink of extinction. The birds below are listed by their Maori name (where known) with English alternatives in brackets. In some cases (tui, kaka, weka, pukeko, moa, kiwi, kea, kokako, takahe) the Maori name is the common name. In other cases (fantail, albatross, Black-backed Gull, bellbird, Morepork, dotterel, wax-eye, oystercatcher) the English name is most commonly used. The species and subspecies marked extinct became extinct subsequent to humans' arrival in New Zealand. About two thirds of the extinctions occurred after the arrival of Maori but before the arrival of Pakeha and the rest since Pakeha arrived. Sorted (at least in part) - Dinornithidae
- Little Bush Moa, Anomalopteryx didiformis - extinct
- Upland Moa, Megalapteryx didinus - extinct
- Heavy-Footed Moa, Pachyornis elephantopus - extinct
- Crested Moa, Pachyornis australis - extinct
- Mappin's Moa, Pachyornis mappini - extinct
- Eastern Moa, Emeus crassus - extinct
- Stout-Legged Moa, Euryapteryx geranoides - extinct
- Coastal Moa, Euryapteryx curtus - extinct
- Slender Bush Moa, Dinornis struthoides - extinct
- Large Bush Moa, Dinornis novaezealandiae - extinct
- Giant Moa, Dinornis giganteus - extinct
- Sulidae
- Takapu (Gannet), Sula serrator
- Procellariidae
- Antarctic Giant Petrel, Macronectes giganteus Vulnerable
- Hall's Giant Petrel, Macronectes halli Near-threatened
- Southern Fulmar, Fulmarus glacialoides
- Antarctic Petrel, Thalassoica antarctica Rare/Accidental
- Cape Petrel, Daption capense
- Great-winged Petrel, Pterodroma macroptera
- Tahiti Petrel, Pterodroma rostrata Rare/Accidental
- White-headed Petrel, Pterodroma lessonii
- Phoenix Petrel, Pterodroma alba Rare/Accidental Vulnerable
- Mottled Petrel, Pterodroma inexpectata Near-threatened
- Providence Petrel, Pterodroma solandri Rare/Accidental Vulnerable
- Kermadec Petrel, Pterodroma neglecta Rare/Accidental
- Taiko (Magenta Petrel), Pterodroma magentae Breeding endemic Critically endangered
- Soft-plumaged Petrel, Pterodroma mollis
- Juan Fernandez Petrel, Pterodroma externa Rare/Accidental Vulnerable
- White-necked Petrel, Pterodroma cervicalis Rare/Accidental Vulnerable
- Cook's Petrel, Pterodroma cookii Breeding endemic Endangered
- Gould's Petrel, Pterodroma leucoptera Rare/Accidental Vulnerable
- Black-winged Petrel, Pterodroma nigripennis
- Chatham Petrel, Pterodroma axillaris Breeding endemic Critically endangered
- Stejneger's Petrel, Pterodroma longirostris Rare/Accidental Vulnerable
- Pycroft's Petrel, Pterodroma pycrofti Breeding endemic Vulnerable
- Blue Petrel, Halobaena caerulea
- Broad-billed Prion, Pachyptila vittata
- Salvin's Prion, Pachyptila salvini
- Antarctic Prion, Pachyptila desolata
- Slender-billed Prion, Pachyptila belcheri
- Fulmar Prion, Pachyptila crassirostris
- Fairy Prion, Pachyptila turtur
- Gray Petrel, Procellaria cinerea Near-threatened
- White-chinned Petrel, Procellaria aequinoctialis
- Parkinson's Petrel, Procellaria parkinsoni Breeding endemic Vulnerable
- Westland Petrel, Procellaria westlandica Breeding endemic Vulnerable
- Kerguelen Petrel, Aphrodroma brevirostris
- Cory's Shearwater, Calonectris diomedea Rare/Accidental
- Pink-footed Shearwater, Puffinus creatopus Rare/Accidental Vulnerable
- Flesh-footed Shearwater, Puffinus carneipes
- Wedge-tailed Shearwater, Puffinus pacificus Rare/Accidental
- Buller's Shearwater, Puffinus bulleri Breeding endemic Vulnerable
- Titi (Muttonbird or Sooty Shearwater), Puffinus griseus
- Short-tailed Shearwater, Puffinus tenuirostris
- Christmas Shearwater, Puffinus nativitatis Rare/Accidental
- Manx Shearwater, Puffinus puffinus Rare/Accidental
- Hutton's Shearwater, Puffinus huttoni Breeding endemic Endangered
- Fluttering Shearwater, Puffinus gavia
- Little Shearwater, Puffinus assimilis
- Toroa (Albatross)
- Wandering Albatross, Diomedea exulans
- Royal Albatross, Diomedea epomophora
- Black-footed Albatross, Diomedea nigripes
- Gray-headed Albatross, Thalassarche chrysostoma Vulnerable
- Black-browed Albatross, Thalassarche melanophris
- Buller's Albatross, Thalassarche bulleri Vulnerable
- Shy Albatross, Thalassarche cauta Near-threatened
- Chatham Albatross, Thalassarche eremita Critically endangered
- Yellow-nosed Albatross, Thalassarche chlororhynchos
- Sooty Albatross, Phoebetria fusca Rare/Accidental Vulnerable
- Light-mantled Albatross, Phoebetria palpebrata Near-threatened
- Phaetontidae
- Amokura (Red-tailed Tropic Bird), Phaethon rubricauda
- Pelecanidae
- Phalacrocoracidae
- Kawau (Great Cormorant), Phalacrocorax carbo
- Karuhiruhi (Pied Cormorant), Phalacrocorax varius
- Little Black Cormorant, Phalacrocorax sulcirostris
- Kawaupaka (Little Pied Cormorant), Phalacrocorax melanoleucos
- Parekareka (Spotted Shag or Blue Shag), Phalacrocorax punctatus
- Auckland Islands Shag, Phalacrocorax colensoi
- Campbell Island Shag, Phalacrocorax campbelli
- King Shag, Phalacrocorax carunculatus
- Bronze Shag, Phalacrocorax chalconotus
- Stewart Island Shag, Phalacrocorax featherstoni
- Chatham Island Shag, Phalacrocorax onslowi
- Bounty Islands Shag, Phalacrocorax ranfurlyi
- Anatidae
- Auckland Island Merganser, Mergus australis - extinct
- Blue-billed Duck, Oxyura australis
- De Lautour's Duck, Biziura delautouri - extinct
- Chatham Island Duck, Pachyanas chathamica - extinct
- Scarlett's Duck, Malacorhynchus scarletti - extinct
- Whio (Blue Duck), Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos, Endangered
- Putangitangi (Paradise Shelduck), Tadorna variegata
- Papango (Black Teal, New Zealand Scaup), Aythya novaeseelandiae
- Auckland Islands Teal, Anas aucklandica Endangered
- Campbell Islands Teal, Anas nesiotis Critically endangered
- Pateke (Brown Teal), Anas chlorotis, Endangered
- North Island Goose, Cnemiornis gracilis - extinct
- South Island Goose, Cnemiornis calcitrans - extinct
- New Zealand Swan, Cygnus sumnerensis - extinct
- Rallidae
- New Zealand Coot, Fulica chathamensis - extinct
- Chatham Island Rail, Rallus modestus - extinct
- Giant Chatham Island Rail, Diaphorapteryx hawkinsi - extinct
- Chatham Island Banded Rail, Rallus dietienbachii - extinct
- Hodgen's Rail, Gallinula hodgeni - extinct
- Dieffenbach's Rail, Rallus philippensis dieffenbachii - extinct
- Snipe-Rail, Capellirallus karamu - extinct
- Adzebill, Aptornis otidiformis - extinct
- Auckland Islands Rail, Lewinia muelleri Vulnerable
- Pukeko (Purple Swamphen), Porphyrio porphyrio
- North Island Takahe, Porphyrio mantelli - extinct
- South Island Takahe, Porphyrio hochstetteri Endangered
- Weka (Woodhen), Gallirallus australis Vulnerable
- Charadriidae
- South Island Oystercatcher, Haematopus finschi
- Chatham Oystercatcher, Haematopus chathamensis Endangered
- Torea (Variable Oystercatcher), Haematopus unicolor
- Ngutuparore (Wrybill), Anarhynchus frontalis, Vulnerable
- Kaki (Black Stilt), Himantopus novaezelandiae, Critically endangered
- Tuturiwhatu (New Zealand Dotterel), Charadrius obscurus, Vulnerable
- Tuturuatu (Shore Plover), Thinornis novaeseelandiae, Endangered
- Chatham Islands Snipe, Coenocorypha pusilla Vulnerable
- Giant Chatham Island Snipe, Coenocorypha chathamica, Extinct
- Hakawai (New Zealand Snipe), Coenocorypha aucklandica
- Huahou (Red Knot), Calidris canutus
- Laridae
- Sternidae
- Taranui (Caspian Tern), Sterna caspia
- Tarapiroe (Black-fronted Tern), Chlidonias albostriatus Endangered
- Stercorariidae (Hakoakoa)
- Arctic Skua, Stercorarius parasiticus (Migratory visitor)
- Brown Skua (Subantarctic Skua), Catharacta lonnbergi
- Strigidae
- Whekau (Laughing Owl), Sceloglaux albifacies - Extinct
- Ruru (Morepork), Ninox novaeseelandiae
- Pachycephalidae
- Popokotea (Popokatea, Whitehead), Mohoua albicilla - endemic
- Mohua (Yellowhead), Mohoua ochrocephala - endemic
- Pipipi (Brown Creeper), Mohoua novaeseelandiae - endemic
- Meliphagidae
- Hihi (Stitchbird), Notiomystis cincta - endemic; threatened
- Tui (Parson Bird), Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae - endemic
- Red Wattlebird, Anthochaera carunculata - rare/accidental
- Callaeidae
- Kokako, Callaeas cinerea - endemic
- Tieke (Saddleback), Philesturnus carunculatus - endemic
- Huia, Heteralocha acutirostris - extinct
For a comprehensive listing of families, see Australasian birds, which includes the birds of New Zealand, Australia, and the Southern Ocean. External links New Zealand birds
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