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List Of Greek Words With English DerivativesThis is a list of Greek words with derivatives in English (and other modern languages). Transliteration There are considerable differences between the various transliterations used to represent the Greek alphabet in English. The table in the sidebar shows: - the "traditional" transliteration, in other words that used in Latin, representing classical Greek: this is the form in which most Greek words have made their way into English
- a "classical" transliteration, commonly used to represent more accurately the pronunciation of Ancient Greek
- the "modern" transliteration often used for Modern Greek
Greek had no letter h: a rough breathing over an initial vowel or diphthong – – indicates that the word was pronounced with an initial h, and a smooth breathing – – indicates the absence of an h, but this has since disappeared in speech, and Modern Greek omits the breathings. An initial upsilon () always had the rough breathing – – hence hy is very common at the start of words derived from Greek, but no (or very few) such words start with y. The letter rho () at the start of a word always had the rough breathing – – and is transliterated rh. If a rho occurred doubled within a word, the first always had the smooth breathing and the second the rough breathing – – leading to the transiliteration rrh. For a fuller discussion of these matters, see Greek alphabet. Note: the distinction between the rough and smooth breathings as shown above may not be very clear on certain browsers. Greek Words with Modern Derivatives The Citation form shown is the form most commonly shown in dictionaries, but this form is often unrepresentative of the word as used to form a compound word, hence the Root form is also shown. The "classical" transliteration as described above is used for both the Citation form and the Root form. The Greek words are shown in polytonic orthography, in other words showing the breathings and the fuller range of accents, as used in Ancient Greek. Α (h)a | colspan=2 |Citation form!! colspan=2 |Root form!!Meaning!! English Derivative | | |hals||-||hal-||salt||halogen | | |anēr||-||andr-||man (male human) ||androgen | | |anthos||-||antho- ||flower||anthology | | |anthrōpos||-||anthrōpo-||human being||anthropomorphism | | |arakhnē||||arakhnē-||spider||arachnid | | |aristos||-||arist-||best||aristocracy | | |arkhaios||-||arkhaio-||ancient||archaeology | | |astēr||-||aster-||star||asteroid | | |astron||-||astro-||constellation||astrology | | ||autos||-||auto-||self (reflexive pronoun)||autonomy | Β b | colspan=2 |Citation form!! colspan=2 |Root form!!Meaning!! English Derivative | | ||barbaros|| -||barbaro-||stranger, non-Greek||barbarian | | ||barus||-||baru-||heavy||baritone | | ||bios||-||bio-||life||biology | | ||brachus||-||brachu-||short||brachycephalic | Γ g Δ d | colspan=2 |Citation form!! colspan=2 |Root form!!Meaning!! English Derivative | | |dēmos|| -||dēmo-||district, its inhabitants, commoners||democracy | | ||doxa||-||dox-||opinion||orthodox | Ε (h)e | colspan=2 |Citation form!! colspan=2 |Root form!!Meaning!! English Derivative | | |hepta||-||hepta-||seven||heptarchy | | |eu||-||eu-||well||eulogy | Ζ z | colspan=2 |Citation form!! colspan=2 |Root form!!Meaning!! English Derivative | | ||zōon||-||zōo-||animal||zoology | Η (h)ē | colspan=2 |Citation form!! colspan=2 |Root form!!Meaning!! English Derivative | | |hēgemōn||-||hēgemon-||leader||hegemony | | |ēōs||-||ēo-||dawn||eocene | Θ th | colspan=2 |Citation form!! colspan=2 |Root form!!Meaning!! English Derivative | | ||theos||-||the-||a god||theology | | ||thermos||-||therm-||hot||isotherm | Ι (h)i | colspan=2 |Citation form!! colspan=2 |Root form!!Meaning!! English Derivative | | |iatros||-||iatro-||doctor||psychiatrist | | |idios||-||idi-||ones own, private||idiolect | | |hieros||-||hiero-||sacred||hierarchy | | ||ikhthus||-||ikhthu-||fish||ichthyology, Ikhthus | Κ k, c | colspan=2 |Citation form!! colspan=2|Root form!!Meaning!! English Derivative | | |kakos||-||kako-||bad||cacophony | | ||kosmos||-||kosm-||order, the universe||cosmography, cosmetic | | |kratos||-||krat-||power, rule||autocrat | Λ l | colspan=2 |Citation form!! colspan=2 |Root form!!Meaning!! English Derivative | | |lithos|| -||litho-||stone||lithography | | ||logos||-||logo-||thought, word ||theology | Μ m | colspan=2 |Citation form!! colspan=2 |Root form!!Meaning!! English Derivative | | ||makros||-||makro-||large||macron, macrobiotic | | ||melas||-||melan-||pigmented, black, ink||Melanesia | | ||mikros||-||mikro-||small|| microscope | | ||mnēstis||-||mne-||memory||amnesia, amnesty | | ||monos||-||mono-||alone, solitary, forsaken||monotony | | ||Mousa||-||mous-||a patron goddess of the arts||music | Ν n | colspan=2 |Citation form!! colspan=2 |Root form!!Meaning!! English Derivative | | ||neos||-||neo-||new, young||neon, neologism | Ξ x | colspan=2 |Citation form!! colspan=2 |Root form!!Meaning!! English Derivative | | ||xenos||-||xeno-||strange, stranger, guest||xenophobia | | ||xulon||-||xul-||wood||xylophone, xylem | Ο (h)o | colspan=2 |Citation form!! colspan=2 |Root form!!Meaning!! English Derivative | | ||oligos||-||oligo-||few, little, small||oligarchy | | ||homoios||-||homoio-||similar||homeopathy | | ||oxus||-||oxu-||sharp, acid||oxygen | | ||orthos||-||orth-||straight, correct||orthography | Π p | colspan=2 |Citation form!! colspan=2 |Root form!!Meaning!! English Derivative | | |pathos||-||path-||suffering, disease||pathology | | ||paideia||-||paideia-||education, culture||encyclopaedia | | |pais||-||paid-||boy, child||pedophilia | | |pas||-||pan-, panto-||all, complete||pantheism, pantomime | | |peri||-||peri||around||perimeter | | |||polus||-||polu-||many, much||Polynesia | Ρ r(h) | colspan=2 |Citation form!! colspan=2 |Root form!!Meaning!! English Derivative | | |rhis||-||rhin-||nose||rhinoceros | Σ s | colspan=2 |Citation form!! colspan=2 |Root form!!Meaning!! English Derivative | | ||sauros||-||sauro-||lizard||dinosaur | | ||skopos|| -||skop-||observer||telescope | | ||sophia||-||sophia-||knowledge, wisdom|| philosophy, sophistry | Τ t | colspan=2 |Citation form!! colspan=2 |Root form!!Meaning!! English Derivative | | ||tēle||-||tēle-||far away||telephone, telepathy | | ||toxon||-||tox-||archers bow, poison||toxin | Υ (h)u, (h)y | colspan=2 |Citation form!! colspan=2 |Root form!!Meaning!! English Derivative | | ||hupnos|| -||hupno-||sleep||hypnotism | Φ ph | colspan=2 |Citation form!! colspan=2 |Root form!!Meaning!!English Derivative | ||philia,
philos||-||philia-,
philo-||friendship
friend||Philadelphia | |phobia
phobos||-||phobia
phobo-||irrational fear
fear|||phobia
Phobos | | |phuton||-||phuto-||plant||neophyte | | |phōnē||-||phōnē-||voice|| telephone | Χ kh, ch | colspan=2 |Citation form!! colspan=2 |Root form!!Meaning!! English Derivative | | ||khaitē||-||khaitē-||loose, flowing hair||polychaete | | ||khronos||-||khrono-||time||chronology | Ψ ps | colspan=2 |Citation form!! colspan=2 |Root form!!Meaning!! English Derivative | | ||psukhē||-||psukhē-||spirit, mind||psychology | Ω (h)ō | colspan=2 |Citation form!! colspan=2 |Root form!!Meaning!! English Derivative | | |ōon||-||ōo-||egg||oocyte | | |hōra||-||hōra-||season, hour||horoscope | See also External links - The Perseus Project - has many useful pages for the study of classical languages and literatures, including dictionaries.
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