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Lennard-jones PotentialAtoms of a noble gas reach an equilibrium distance from each other when an attracting van der Waals force balances a repelling force the result of overlapping electron orbits. The strength at which these two forces balance is the so-called Lennard-Jones potential (L-J potential). Subject to assumptions about the physical properties of the molecules, the L-J potential may be used to calculate an approximation for their separation. Other more recent methods, such as the Stockmayer equation and the so-called multi equation, describe the interaction of molecules more accurately. The L-J potential is of the form where is the well depth and is the hard sphere radius.
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