july 21

July 21 is the 202nd day (203rd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 163 days remaining.

Events

1298 - Battle of Falkirk (1298): England's Edward Longshank defeats William Wallace's Scottish rebels
1568 - Battle of Jemmingen: Fernando lvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alva defeats Louis of Nassau
1718 - Treaty of Passarowitz signed.
1774 - Russia and the Ottoman Empire sign the Treaty of Kuchuk-Kainarji ending the Russo-Turkish War, 1768-74.
1831 - Inauguration of Leopold I of Belgium, first king of the Belgians.
1861 - American Civil War: First Battle of Bull Run - At Manassas Junction, Virginia, the first major battle of the war begins (Confederate victory).
1865 - In the market square of Springfield, Missouri, Wild Bill Hickok shoots Dave Tutt dead in what is regarded as the first true western showdown.
1873 - At Adair, Iowa, Jesse James and the James-Younger gang pull off the first successful train robbery in the American West.
1877 - After rioting by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad workers and the deaths of 9 rail workers at the hands of the Maryland militia, workers in Pittsburgh stage a sympathy strike that is met with an assault by the state militia.

1925 - Scopes Trial: In Dayton, Tennessee, high school biology teacher John T. Scopes is found guilty of teaching evolution in class and fined $100.
1931 - CBS's New York City station begins broadcasting the first regular seven days a week television schedule in the U. S.
1944 - World War II: Battle of Guam - American troops land on Guam starting the battle (ends on August 10).
1954 - First Indochina War: The Geneva Conference partitions Vietnam into North Vietnam and South Vietnam.
1961 - Mercury program: Gus Grissom piloting the Mercury 4 capsule "Liberty Bell 7" becomes the second American to go into orbit around the Earth.
1963 - Pope Paul VI elected by College of Cardinals.
1970 - After 11 years of construction, the Aswan High Dam in Egypt is completed.
1984 - In Jackson, Michigan, a factory robot crushes a worker against a safety bar in apparently the first robot-related death in the United States.
1995 - Third Taiwan Strait Crisis: The People's Liberation Army begins firing missiles into the waters north of Taiwan.
1997 - The fully restored USS Constitution (aka "Old Ironsides") celebrates her 200th birthday by setting sail for the first time in 116 years.

2002 - Telecom giant WorldCom files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in the largest such filing in United States history.
2004 - The United Kingdom government publishes Delivering Security in a Changing World, a paper detailing wide-ranging reform of the country's armed forces.

1425 - Manuel II Palaeologus, Byzantine Emperor (b. 1350)
1796 - Robert Burns, Scottish poet (b. 1759)
1870 - Josef Strauss, Austrian composer (b. 1827)
1899 - Robert G. Ingersoll, American political leader and orator, atheist, American Civil War Colonel (b. 1833)

Belgium: National holiday (1831 - inauguration of Leopold I, first king of the Belgians)
Bolivia: Martyrs' Day
Guam: Liberation Day (1944)
Singapore: Racial Harmony Day

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