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Joseph Ibn TibbonJudah ben Saul ibn Tibbon born 1120, Granada, Spain died c. 1190, , Marseille Jewish physician and translator of Jewish Arabic-language works into Hebrew; he was also the progenitor of several generations of important translators. Persecution of the Jews forced Judah to flee Granada in 1150, and he settled in Lunel, in southern France, where he practiced medicine, according to an account in 1160 by a contemporary traveller, Judah ben Saul ibn Tibbon translated an important work by Bahya ben Joseph ibn Pakuda. Bahya ben Joseph ibn Pakuda lived 11th century A.D., Spanish Jewish philosopher and jurist. Bahya lived in Zaragoza, Spain, and was a judge of a rabbinical court. He wrote a number of liturgical poems during his life, but he is best known for his book on Jewish ethics, al-Hidayah ila fara id al-gulub (Duties of the Heart, 1080?). Written in Arabic, the work was translated into Hebrew in the 12th century by physician and translator Judah ben Saul ibn Tibbon. This well-known translation is called Hovot Ha-levavot.
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