Jinmeiyo Kanji

The jinmeiyō kanji (人名用漢字) are a set of 290 kanji known as the "name kanji" in English. They are the set of glyphs that do not directly map to words, but still show up in modern Japanese usage as parts of family names. As a general rule, the characters accepted in names registered by families can only come from the jōyō kanji, the jinmeiyō kanji, the katakana and the hiragana (excluding the hentaigana). With the publication of the ministerial opinion of 1946, which limited the number of kanji usable in Japanese (the tōyō kanji), much of kanji used in proper names could not be used any more. So it remained until May 25, 1951, the date on which the Ministry specified the first 90 jinmeiyō kanji, the name of new-born babies could be made up only of the 1850 tōyō kanji. Over the years, the Minister of Justice has increased the number of name kanji, and has a plan for further addition in response to requests from parents. As of July 12, 2004, there were 290 kanji authorized for the names of people. In Japan, name kanji are taught at the junior-high level, and mastery of the name kanji are required to achieve Level 2 of the Kanji kentei Japanese proficiency test. There are currently 2232 government-designated jinmeiyō kanji used in personal and geographical names, with plans to increase this list by 578 kanji in the near future. This would be the largest increase since World War II. The plan has not been without controversy, however. For example, the Chinese characters for "cancer," "hemorrhoids," "corpse" and "excrement," as well as parts of compound words (words created from two or more Chinese characters) meaning "curse," "prostitute," and "rape," are among the proposed additions to the list. This is because no measures were taken to determine the appropriateness of the kanji proposed, with the committee deciding that parents could make such decisions themselves. However, the government will seek input from the public before approving the list. (There is also some speculation that the "odd" kanji being added to the names list are being done so in an attempt to make a de-facto expansion of the Jōyō Kanji List, rather than with the serious idea that anyone will use them in names. The idea of reducing the number of kanji in use has been a politically contentious issue, with many conservatives believing that kanji are culturally Japanese and that people should use them frequently.)

List of the jinmeiyō kanji (人名用漢字別表)

Separated by year of introduction.

May 25 1951

Publication of first 90 characters of jinmeiyō kanji. 丑 丞 乃 之 也 亘 亥 亦 亨 亮 伊 匡 卯 只 吾 呂 哉 嘉 圭 奈 宏 寅 巌 巳 庄 弘 弥 彦 悌 敦 昌 晃 晋 智 暢 朋 桂 桐 楠 橘 欣 欽 毅 浩 淳 熊 爾 猪 玲 琢 瑞 睦 磯 祐 禄 禎 稔 穣 綾 惣 聡 肇 胤 艶 蔦 藤 蘭 虎 蝶 輔 辰 郁 酉 錦 鎌 靖 須 馨 駒 鯉 鯛 鶴 鹿 麿 亀 Seven of them were transferred in the jōyō kanji : 仙 尚 杉 甚 磨 斉 龍 (en tant que 竜)

July 30 1976

Addition of 28 kanji for a total of 120 characters. 佑 允 冴 喬 怜 旭 杏 梓 梢 梨 沙 渚 瑠 瞳 紗 紘 絢 翠 耶 芙 茜 藍 那 阿 隼 鮎 葵 One was transferred in the jōyō kanji : 悠

October 1 1981

Introduction of the jōyō kanji, substraction of 8 kanji (since added in the jōyō kanji) and addition of 54 kanji for a total of 166 characters. 伍 伶 侑 尭 孟 峻 嵩 嶺 巴 彬 惇 惟 慧 斐 旦 昂 李 栗 楓 槙 汐 洵 洸 渥 瑛 瑶 璃 甫 皓 眸 矩 碧 笹 緋 翔 脩 苑 茉 莉 萌 萩 蓉 蕗 虹 諒 赳 迪 遥 遼 霞 頌 駿 鳩 鷹

March 1 1990

Addition of 118 kanji for a total of 284 characters. 伎 伽 侃 倖 倭 偲 冶 凌 凜 凪 捺 於 旺 昴 晏 晟 晨 暉 曙 朔 凱 勁 叡 叶 唄 啄 奎 媛 嬉 宥 崚 嵐 嵯 巽 彗 彪 恕 憧 拳 捷 杜 柊 柚 柾 栞 梧 椋 椎 椰 椿 楊 榛 槻 樺 檀 毬 汀 汰 洲 湧 滉 漱 澪 熙 燎 燦 燿 爽 玖 琳 瑚 瑳 皐 眉 瞭 碩 秦 稀 稜 竣 笙 紬 絃 綜 綸 綺 耀 胡 舜 芹 茄 茅 莞 菖 菫 蒔 蒼 蓮 蕉 衿 袈 裟 詢 誼 諄 邑 醇 采 雛 鞠 颯 魁 鳳 鴻 鵬 麟 黎 黛

December 3 1997

Addition of 1 kanji for a total of 285 characters. 琉

February 23 2004

Addition of 1 kanji for a un total of 286 characters. 曽

June 7 2004

Addition of 1 kanji for a total of 287 characters, 獅

July 12 2004

Addition of 3 kanji for a total of 290 characters. 毘 瀧 駕

June 11 2004

ORIGINAL FRENCH: TO BE REPLACED: Aucun ajout mais un plan proposant d'ajouter 578 kanji aux jinmeiyō kanji t dpos. Ils ont t proposs au conseil sur les jinmeiō kanji du conseil lgislatif du Ministre de la justice. Certains caractres qui faisaient l'objet d'une forte demande de la part des parents, comme 苺 (Ichigo fraise ) 遥 (Haruka distant ) 煌 (Akira scintillant ) 牙 (Kiba croc ), ont t inclus dans la liste. Beaucoup d'autre ont t inclus non pas pour leur potentiel d'utilisation dans un nom (comme on va le constater) mais plutt pour leur frquence d'usage et leur facilit de lecture/criture : 糞 (Kuso excrment ) 呪 (Norou maldiction ) 屍 (Shikabane cadavre ) 癌 (Gan cancer ). ce mme conseil, il t dcid d'offrir la chance de proposer des caractres qui seront inclus ou exclus du rapport final sur le site du Ministre de la justice et ce jusqu'au 9 juillet 2004. AUTOTRANSLATED ENGLISH: TO BE MERGED: No addition but a plan proposing to add 578 kanji to the jinmeiyo kanji at summer deposited. They were proposed to the council on the jinmeio kanji of the legislative council of the Ministry for justice. Certain characters which were the subject of a keen demand on behalf of the parents, like? ( does Ichigo "mill")? ( " distant" Haruka)? ( " scintillating" Akira)? ( Kiba "hook"), were included in the list. Much other was included not for their potential use in a name (as one will note it) but rather for their frequency of use and their facility of read/write: ( Kuso "excrement")? ( Norou "curse")? ( Shikabane "corpse")? ( Gan "cancer"). With this same council, it at summer decided to offer the chance to propose characters which will be included or excluded from the final report/ratio on the site of the Ministry for justice and this until July 9, 2004.

July 23 2004

ORIGINAL FRENCH: TO BE REPLACED: Aucun ajout. Aprs de vives protestations, le conseil a dcid de retirer neuf caractres des 489 qui ont reu des demandes de retrait. Les neuf caractres sont 糞 (voir plus haut) 呪 (voir plus haut) 屍 (voir plus haut) 癌 (voir plus haut) 姦 (Kashimashii viol, sduction ) 淫 (Midara obscne ) 怨 (Urami rancune ) 痔 (Shimogasa hmorrodes ) 妾 (Sobame concubine ). Les 480 autres caractres restent encore sous observation quant leur retrait. Inversement cette tendance, un caractre a t inclus, il s'agit de 掬 (Kiku puiser de l'eau avec ses mains ). AUTOTRANSLATED ENGLISH: TO BE MERGED: No addition. Afterwards on sharp protests, the council decided to withdraw nine characters of the 489 which received requests for withdrawal. Are the nine characters? (see higher)? (see higher)? (see higher)? (see higher)? ( Kashimashii "rape, seduction")? ( Midara "obscene")? ( Urami "resentment")? ( Shimogasa "hmorrodes")? ( Sobame "concubine"). The 480 other characters still remain under observation as for their withdrawal. Conversely with was this tendency, a character included, it acts of? ( Kiku "to draw water with its hands").

List of the traditional kanji tolerated in names

List of characters tolerated in names. The majority are versions that are not simplified (thus antiquated) from those which are officially authorized.

Kanji coming from the jōyō kanji

(the squares are characters not in your Unicode font, which will be normal on some computers.) 亞(亜) 惡(悪) 爲(為) 逸(逸) 衞(衛) 谒(謁) 緣(縁) 應(応) 櫻(桜) 奧(奥) 橫(横) 溫(温) 價(価) 祸(禍) 祉(悔) 海(海) 壞(壊) 懷(懐) 樂(楽) 渴(渇) 卷(巻) 陷(陥) 寬(寛) 漢(漢) 氣(気) 祈(祈) 器(器) 僞(偽) 戲(戯) 虛(虚) 峽(峡) 狹(狭) 響(響) 曉(暁) 勤(勤) 謹(謹) 勳(勲) 薰(薫) 惠(恵) 揭(掲) 鷄(鶏) 藝(芸) 擊(撃) 縣(県) 儉(倹) 劍(剣) 險(険) 圈(圏) 檢(検) 顯(顕) 驗(験) 嚴(厳) 廣(広) 恆(恒) 黃(黄) 國(国) 黑(黒) 穀(穀) 碎(砕) 雜(雑) 祉(祉) 視(視) 兒(児) 濕(湿) 社(社) 者(者) 煮(煮) 壽(寿) 收(収) 臭(臭) 從(従) 澁(渋) 獸(獣) 縱(縦) 祝(祝) 暑(暑) 署(署) 緖(緒) 諸(諸) 敍(叙) 將(将) 祥(祥) 涉(渉) 燒(焼) 獎(奨) 條(条) 狀(状) 乘(乗) 淨(浄) 剩(剰) 疊(畳) 孃(嬢) 讓(譲) 釀(醸) 神(神) 眞(真) 寢(寝) 愼(慎) 盡(尽) 粹(粋) 醉(酔) 穗(穂) 瀨(瀬) 齊(斉) 靜(静) 攝(摂) 節(節) 專(専) 戰(戦) 纖(繊) 禪(禅) 祖(祖) 壯(壮) 爭(争) 莊(荘) 搜(捜) 巢(巣) 裝(装) 僧(僧) 層(層) 騷(騒) 增(増) 憎(憎) 藏(蔵) 贈(贈) 臟(臓) 卽(即) 帶(帯) 滯(滞) 單(単) 嘆(嘆) 團(団) 彈(弾) 晝(昼) 鑄(鋳) 節(著) 廳(庁) 徵(徴) 聽(聴) 懲(懲) 鎭(鎮) 轉(転) 傳(伝) 都(都) 燈(灯) 盜(盗) 稻(稲) 德(徳) 突(突) 難(難) 拜(拝) 賣(売) 梅(梅) 髮(髪) 拔(抜) 繁(繁) 晚(晩) 卑(卑) 祕(秘) 碑(碑) 賓(賓) 敏(敏) 侮(侮) 福(福) 拂(払) 佛(仏) 勉(勉) 步(歩) 墨(墨) 飜(翻) 每(毎) 默(黙) 藥(薬) 與(与) 搖(揺) 樣(様) 謠(謡) 來(来) 賴(頼) 覽(覧) 欄(欄) 龍(竜) 虜(虜) 綠(緑) 淚(涙) 壘(塁) 類(類) 曆(暦) 歷(歴) 練(練) 鍊(錬) 郞(郎) 朗(朗) 廊(廊) 錄(録)

Kanji coming from the jinmeiyō kanji

亙(亘) 巖(巌) 彌(弥) 渚(渚) 猪(猪) 琢(琢) 祐(祐) 祿(禄) 禎(禎) 穰(穣)

Complete list of the 290 jinmeiyō kanji

丑 丞 乃 之 也 亘 亥 亦 亨 亮 伊 伍 伎 伶 伽 佑 侃 侑 倖 倭 偲 允 冴 冶 凌 凜 凪 凱 勁 匡 卯 叡 只 叶 吾 呂 哉 唄 啄 喬 嘉 圭 尭 奈 奎 媛 嬉 孟 宏 宥 寅 峻 崚 嵐 嵩 嵯 嶺 巌 巳 巴 巽 庄 弘 弥 彗 彦 彪 彬 怜 恕 悌 惇 惟 惣 慧 憧 拳 捷 捺 敦 斐 於 旦 旭 旺 昂 昌 昴 晃 晋 晏 晟 晨 智 暉 暢 曙 朋 朔 李 杏 杜 柊 柚 柾 栗 栞 桂 桐 梓 梢 梧 梨 椋 椎 椰 椿 楊 楓 楠 榛 槙 槻 樺 橘 檀 欣 欽 毅 毬 汀 汐 汰 沙 洲 洵 洸 浩 淳 渚 渥 湧 滉 漱 澪 熙 熊 燎 燦 燿 爽 爾 猪 玖 玲 琉 琢 琳 瑚 瑛 瑞 瑠 瑶 瑳 璃 甫 皐 皓 眉 眸 睦 瞭 瞳 矩 碧 碩 磯 祐 禄 禎 秦 稀 稔 稜 穣 竣 笙 笹 紗 紘 紬 絃 絢 綜 綸 綺 綾 緋 翔 翠 耀 耶 聡 肇 胡 胤 脩 舜 艶 芙 芹 苑 茉 茄 茅 茜 莉 莞 菖 菫 萌 萩 葵 蒔 蒼 蓉 蓮 蔦 蕉 蕗 藍 藤 蘭 虎 虹 蝶 衿 袈 裟 詢 誼 諄 諒 赳 輔 辰 迪 遥 遼 邑 那 郁 酉 醇 采 錦 鎌 阿 隼 雛 霞 靖 鞠 須 頌 颯 馨 駒 駿 魁 鮎 鯉 鯛 鳩 鳳 鴻 鵬 鶴 鷹 鹿 麟 麿 黎 黛 亀

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