|
|
|
|
|
Jean Louis Armand De Quatrefages De BreauJean Louis Armand de Quatrefages de Breau (February 10, 1810 - January 12, 1892) was a French naturalist. He was born at Berthzne, in the commune of Valleraugue (Gard), the son of a Protestant farmer. He studied medicine at Strassburg, where he took the double degree of M.D. and D.Sc., one of his theses being a Theorie d'un coup de canon (November 1829); next year he published a book, Sur les arolithes, and in 1832 a treatise on L'Extraversion de la vessie. Removing to Toulouse, he practised medicine for a short time, and contributed various memoirs to the local Journal de medecine and to the Annales des sciences naturelles (1834-36). But being unable to continue his researches in the provinces, he resigned the chair of zoology to which he had been appointed, and in 1839 settled in Paris, where he found in Henri Milne-Edwards a patron and a friend. Elected professor of natural history at the Lycee Napoleon in 1850, he became a member of the French Academy of Sciences in 1852, and in 1855 was called to the chair of anthropology and ethnography at the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Other distinctions followed rapidly, and continued to the end of his otherwise uneventful career, the more important being honorary member of the Royal Society of London (June 1879), member of the Institute and of the Academie de medecine, and commander of the Legion of Honor (1881). He died in Paris. He was an accurate observer and unwearied collector of zoological materials, gifted with remarkable descriptive power, and possessed of a clear, vigorous style, but somewhat deficient in deep philosophic insight. Hence his serious studies on the anatomical characters of the lower and higher organisms, man included, will retain their value, while many of his theories and generalizations, especially in the department of ethnology, are already forgotten. The work of de Quatrefages ranged over the whole field of zoology from the annelids and other low organisms to the anthropoids and man. Of his numerous essays in scientific periodicals, the more important were: - Considrations sur les caractres zoologiques des rongeurs (1840)
- De l'organisation des animaux sans vertbres des Ctes de la Manche (Ann. Sc. Nat., 1844)
- Recherches sur le systme nerveux, l'embryognie, les organes des sens, et la circulation des annlides (Ibid., 1844-50)
- Sur les affinits et les analogies des l'ombrics et des sangsues (Ibid.)
- Sur l'histoire naturelle des tarets (Ibid., 1848-49)
Then there is the vast series issued under the general title of Etudes sur les types infrieurs de l'embranchement des annels, and the results of several scientific expeditions to the Atlantic and Mediterranean coastlands, Italy and Sicily, forming a series of articles in the Revue des deux mondes, or embodied in the Souvenirs d'un naturaliste (2 vols., 1854). These were followed in quick succession by the: - Physiologie compare, mtamorphoses de l'homme et des animaux (1862)
- Les Polynsiens et leurs migrations (1866)
- Histoire naturelle des Annels marins et d'eau douce (2 vols., 1866)
- La Rochelle et ses environs (1866)
- Rapport sur les progrs de l'anthropologie (1867)
- Charles Darwin et ses prcurseurs francais (1870), a study of evolution in which the writer takes somewhat the same attitude as Alfred Russel Wallace, combating the Darwinian doctrine in its application to man
- La Race prussienne (1871)
- Crania Ethnica, jointly with Dr Hamy (2 vols., with 100 plates, 1875-82), a classical work based on French and foreign anthropological data, analogous to the Crania of Thurnam and Davis, and to S. G. Morton's Crania Americana and Crania Aegyptiaca
- L'Espce humaine (1877)
- Nouvelles Etudes sur la distribution gographique des ngritos (1882)
- Hommes fossiles et hommes sauvages (1884)
- Histoire gnrale des races humaines (2 vols., 1886-89), the first volume being introductory, while the second attempts a complete classification of mankind.
Reference Quatrefages de Breau, Jean Louis Armand de Quatrefages de Breau, Jean Louis Armand de
|
 |
|
| Copyright 2005-2009 OnPedia.com. All Rights Reserved |
|
|