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Jamal Al-din Al-afghaniJamal al-Din al-Afghani (1839 1897) was an Iranian political activist. He was born in Asadabad near Hamadan, Iran. He was opposed to having foreigners rule Muslim lands and believed that the main problem was lack of unity among Muslims. He visited India in the hope to start an Islamic anti-British movement in that country. Though he was a Shiite Muslim, since Most of the Muslims were Sunnis he dressed himself like Afghans and claimed that he was a Sunni of Afghan Origin. al-Afghani travelled widely outside his native Iran, from India in the East to France in the west, before he went to Egypt. His traditional madrassah education had included fiqh(jurisprudence) alongside falsafah(philosophy) and irfan(mysticism). He then visited Egypt, found followers there and led Islamists there. A British Officer wrote to his superior that if Afghani remained there they would face problems. al-Afghani was forced to leave Egypt. He then visited Britain and published a newspaper there for some time. He wrote in his diary that" I did not see Islam there (UK) but Muslims" He then returned to Iran asking Shah to make reforms but received nothing but words. He and his followers stayed in a Mosque and they said that they would not leave there untill the Persian Shah accept their demands but Nasir al-Din Shah ordered the exile of al-Afghani to Turkey. He found followers in Turkey and he became imprisoned by order of Sultan Abdul Hamid II In 1896 a follower of Jamal al-Din al-Afghani assassinated Nasir al-Din Shah in protest for his treatment of Afghani. al-Afghani was poisoned in Prison by the Ottoman Sultan when the news of the Shah's Assassination emerged. al-Afghani was buried in Afghanistan a few years later.
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