Ipa In Unicode

The International Phonetic Alphabet can be represented in Unicode, with symbols not used in other alphabets assigned range U+0250–02AD. The following is a representation of the IPA chart encoded in Unicode. There also exist systems for representing the information contained in IPA in ASCII, including SAMPA, Kirshenbaum and other ad hoc systems to work around the difficulty of displaying IPA on computers. See also: Table of Unicode characters, 128 to 999, Unicode and HTML

Consonants (pulmonic)

! colspan=2 | Blab. ! colspan=2 | Ldent. ! colspan=2 | Dent. ! colspan=2 | Alv. ! colspan=2 | Palv. ! colspan=2 | Ret. ! colspan=2 | Pal. ! colspan=2 | Velar ! colspan=2 | Uvular ! colspan=2 | Phar. ! colspan=2 | Glot.
style="font-size:x-small" | Plosive p b colspan=2 |   colspan=2 |   t d colspan=2 |   c k g q   style="background:#ccc" |   style="background:#ccc" |  
style="font-size:x-small" | Nasal colspan="2" | m colspan="2" | colspan="2" |   colspan="2" | n colspan="2" |   colspan="2" | colspan="2" | colspan="2" | colspan="2" | colspan="4" style="background:#ccc" |  
style="font-size:x-small" | Trill colspan="2" | colspan="2" |   colspan="2" |   colspan="2" | r colspan="2" |   colspan="2" |   colspan="2" style="background:#ccc" |   colspan="2" |   colspan="2" | colspan="2" |   colspan="2" style="background:#ccc" |  
style="font-size:x-small" | Tap or Flap colspan="2" |   colspan="2" |   colspan="2" |   colspan="2" | colspan="2" |   colspan="2" | colspan="2" style="background:#ccc" |   colspan="2" |   colspan="2" |   colspan="2" |   colspan="2" style="background:#ccc" |  
style="font-size:x-small" | Fricative f v s z x h
style="font-size:x-small" | Lateral Fricative colspan=4 style="background:#ccc" | colspan=2 |   colspan=2 |   colspan=2 |   colspan=2 |   colspan=2 |   colspan=2 |   colspan=4 style="background:#ccc" |  
style="font-size:x-small" | Approximant colspan=2 |   colspan=2 | colspan=2 |   colspan=2 | colspan=2 |   colspan=2 | colspan=2 | j colspan=2 | colspan=2 |   colspan=2 |   colspan=2 style="background:#ccc" |  
style="font-size:x-small" | Lateral Approximant colspan=4 style="background:#ccc" |   colspan=2 |   colspan=2 | l colspan=2 |   colspan=2 | colspan=2 | colspan=2 | colspan=2 |   colspan=4 style="background:#ccc" |  
  • Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant.
  • Shaded areas indicate articulations judged impossible.

Consonants (non-pulmonic)

colspan="2" | Clicks colspan="2" | Voiced implosives colspan="2" | Ejectives
width="20" style="font-size:larger;" | Bilabial width="20" style="font-size:larger;" | Bilabial width="20" | | For example:
style="font-size:larger;" | Dental style="font-size:larger;" | Dental/alveolar style="font-size:larger;" | Bilabial
style="font-size:larger;" | Alveolar (retroflex) style="font-size:larger;" | Palatal style="font-size:larger;" | Dental/alveolar
style="font-size:larger;" | Palatoalveolar (alveolar) style="font-size:larger;" | Velar style="font-size:larger;" | Velar
style="font-size:larger;" | Alveolar lateral (lateral) style="font-size:larger;" | Uvular style="font-size:larger;" | Alveolar fricative

Vowels

style="font-size:x-small;" | Front style="font-size:x-small;" | Central style="font-size:x-small;" | Back
style="text-align:right; font-size:x-small;" | Close width=40 | width=40 |   width=40 | width=40 |   width=40 |
       
style="text-align:right; font-size:x-small;" | Close-mid    
         
style="text-align:right; font-size:x-small;" | Open-mid    
       
style="text-align:right; font-size:x-small;" | Open      
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel.

Other symbols

style="font-size:larger;" | Voiceless labial-velar fricative
style="font-size:larger;" | Voiced labial-velar approximant
style="font-size:larger;" | Voiced labial-palatal approximant
style="font-size:larger;" | Voiceless epiglottal fricative
style="font-size:larger;" | Voiced epiglottal fricative
style="font-size:larger;" | Epiglottal plosive
style="font-size:larger;" | Alveolo-palatal fricatives
style="font-size:larger;" | Alveolar lateral flap
style="font-size:larger;" | Simultaneous and x
Affricates and double articulations can be represented by two symbols joined by a tie bar if necessary, or represented by a ligature in the case of the six commonest affricates:
Ligature Tie bar Description
style="font-size:larger;" | style="font-size:larger;" | voiceless alveolar affricate
style="font-size:larger;" | style="font-size:larger;" | voiceless post-alveolar affricate
style="font-size:larger;" | style="font-size:larger;" | voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate
style="font-size:larger;" | style="font-size:larger;" | voiced alveolar affricate
style="font-size:larger;" | style="font-size:larger;" | voiced post-alveolar affricate
style="font-size:larger;" | style="font-size:larger;" | voiced alveolo-palatal affricate
style="font-size:larger;" |  – style="font-size:larger;" | double articulation of and
Due to a bug in the font Arial Unicode MS, these incorrectly formed character combinations may look better in your browser: .

Suprasegmentals

style="font-size:larger;" | Primary stress
style="font-size:larger;" | Secondary stress
style="font-size:larger;" | Long
style="font-size:larger;" | Half-long
style="font-size:larger;" | Extra-short
style="font-size:larger;" | Syllable break
style="font-size:larger;" | Minor (foot) group
style="font-size:larger;" | Major (intonation) group
style="font-size:larger;" | Linking (absence of a break)

Tones and word accents

style="font-size:larger;" | Extra high
style="font-size:larger;" | High
style="font-size:larger;" | Mid
style="font-size:larger;" | Low
style="font-size:larger;" | Extra low
style="font-size:larger;" | Rise
style="font-size:larger;" | Fall
style="font-size:larger;" | Downstep
style="font-size:larger;" | Upstep
style="font-size:larger;" | Global rise
style="font-size:larger;" | Global fall
Note: Unicode does not support most IPA symbols for non-flat tones. To represent those, one possibility is to use numbers in the subscript, e.g. /e53/ for a high falling /e/. Another possibility is to use the "Box Drawings" in Unicode, e.g. // for a high flat /e/.

Diacritics

Diacritics may be placed above a symbol with a descender, i.e.
width=40 style="font-size:larger;" | Voiceless width=40 style="font-size:larger;" | Breathy voiced width=40 style="font-size:larger;" | Dental
style="font-size:larger;" | Voiced style="font-size:larger;" | Creaky voiced style="font-size:larger;" | Apical
style="font-size:larger;" | Aspirated style="font-size:larger;" | Linguolabial style="font-size:larger;" | Laminal
style="font-size:larger;" | More rounded style="font-size:larger;" | Labialized style="font-size:larger;" | Nasalized
style="font-size:larger;" | Less rounded style="font-size:larger;" | Palatalized style="font-size:larger;" | Nasal release
style="font-size:larger;" | Advanced style="font-size:larger;" | Velarized style="font-size:larger;" | Lateral release
style="font-size:larger;" | Retracted style="font-size:larger;" | Pharyngealized style="font-size:larger;" | No audible release
style="font-size:larger;" | Centralized style="font-size:larger;" | colspan=3 | Velarized or pharyngealized
style="font-size:larger;" | Mid-centralized style="font-size:larger;" | colspan=3 | Raised ( = voiced alveolar fricative)
style="font-size:larger;" | Syllabic style="font-size:larger;" | colspan=3 | Lowered ( = voiced bilabial approximant)
style="font-size:larger;" | Non-syllabic style="font-size:larger;" | colspan=3 | Advanced tongue root
style="font-size:larger;" | Rhoticity style="font-size:larger;" | colspan=3 | Retracted Tongue Root
(Extended IPA for disordered speech.)
width=20 style="font-size:larger;" | Labial spreading width=20 style="font-size:larger;" |   Strong articulation width=20 style="font-size:larger;" | Denasal
style="font-size:larger;" | Dentolabial style="font-size:larger;" | Weak articulation style="font-size:larger;" | Nasal escape
style="font-size:larger;" |   Interdental/bidental style="font-size:larger;" |   Reiterated articulation style="font-size:larger;" | Velopharyngeal friction
style="font-size:larger;" | Alveolar style="font-size:larger;" | Whistled articulation style="font-size:larger;" |   Ingressive airflow
style="font-size:larger;" | Linguolabial style="font-size:larger;" | Sliding articulation style="font-size:larger;" |   Egressive airflow

See also

External links

Special characters

Technical Note: Most IPA symbols are not included in Times New Roman, the default font for Latin scripts in Internet Explorer for Windows. To properly view IPA symbols in Internet Explorer for Windows, you must set your browser font to a typeface that includes the IPA extensions, e.g. Gentium (which is freely available), Doulos (SIL) (same source, SIL), or Arial Unicode MS (which comes with Microsoft Office). Alternatively, the style sheet could try using unicode-range specifications to note the gaps where Times does not have glyphs for IPA, Hawaiian ‘okina (glottal stop), etc. and thus hopefully forced the browser check further down the list of fonts. On this page, we have forced the browser to use such a font, so it should appear correctly, but this hasn't yet been done to all to other pages containing IPA. This also applies to other pages using special symbols. Bear this in mind if you see error symbols such as "𘚟" in articles. Special symbols should display properly without further configuration with Konqueror, Mozilla Seamonkey, Mozilla Firefox, Opera, Safari, and other modern browsers.

 

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