Initiation Of Transcription

1. The RNAP recognizes the promoter region of the gene and binds to the DNA at that specific location. At this stage, the DNA is still double-stranded and called closed complex.
• Promoter binding is a two step process. Binding is much tighter above 15°C
2. The DNA is unwound and becomes single-stranded at the initiation site (the -10 promoter region). This is called open complex.
3. The DNA is melted (the strands are locally separated), the σ-factor leaves the holoenzyme, and elongation begins.

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