Incompressible Surface

In mathematics, an incompressible surface is a kind of two-dimensional surface inside of a 3-manifold. To be precise, suppose that S is a compact surface properly embedded in a closed 3-manifold M. Suppose that D is a disk, also embedded in M, with
D \cap S = \partial D.
Suppose finally that the curve \partial D in S does not bound a disk inside of S. Then D is called a compressing disk for S and we also call S a compressible surface in M. If no such disk exists then we call S incompressible. An important consequence of incompressibility follows from the loop theorem. Let \iota: S \rightarrow M be an embedding of a two-sided properly embedded compact surface. Then the induced map on fundamental groups \iota_\star: \pi_1(S) \rightarrow \pi_1(M) is injective if and only if the surface is incompressible.

 

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