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HumayunHumayun (March 6, 1508 - February 22, 1556), second Mughal Emperor, and ruled in India from 1530-1540 and 1555-1556. He was 22 and inexperienced when he came to power. Humayun succeeded his father Baber in India in 1530, while his brother Kamran obtained the sovereignty of Kabul and Lahore. Humayun was thus left in possession of his father's recent conquests, which were in dispute with the Indian Afghans under Sher Shah, governor of Bengal and an ethnic Afghan from Eastern India, and his ally, the Lodi dynasty. Sher Shah defeated humayun in battle of Chausa on June 26, 1539. After ten years of fighting, Humayun was driven out of India and compelled to flee to Persia. The rule of Sher Shan was a time of economic reform for the Mughal Empire. Humayun fled to the Safavid Empire and reluctantly converted to Shi'a Islam for the protection of Tahmasp I. Sher Shah died in 1546, and although he was one of the greatest rulers in India, his son was from an able leader. After only nine years in power, Humayan returned to the throne in 1555 with troops from Tahmasp I. After he reoccupied Delhi (1555) India thus passed again from the Afghans to the Moguls. During his period in exile, his wife gave birth to Akbar the Great. Humayun died from injuries he sustained after falling down a flight of stairs while descending from the second floor of his library to pray. His greatest accomplishment was in his support for the arts. His exposure in Iran to Safavid art inspired him to recruit painters for the Mughal Empire and thus give birth to the Mughal style of painting. Humayun's greatest architectural feat was his Din-Panah (Refuge of Religion) citadel at Delhi which was destroyed by Sher Shah. The tomb of Humayun is one of the finest Mogul monuments. External Links
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