how to program in object-oriented languages

Programming in object-oriented languages is more a question of how to design your code than how to write specific procedures. Traditionally, programming is taught as a bottom-up approach. This model fits very well with procedural programming, even more with non-modular languages, such as Fortran and Basic. Object-oriented concepts, however, should be learned and used in a top-down approach, starting from modeling objects and object interactions. Although some object-oriented languages follow the object metaphor down to the statement level, like Smalltalk, the most widely known languages of today, i.e. C++, Object Pascal and Java follow an almost procedural notation. So, to devise a good object-oriented program, one should first devise an effective model and later implement the model in the chosen language.

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