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Historical Measures As Seen By Pseudoscience Introduction It is claimed in pseudoscience that in historical metrology, there may be found statistical proof that all the ancient measures in the "Old World", especially around the Mediterranean Sea and along the Silk Roads, are related by simple ratios with incredible accuracy. Being closer in time, and less mysterious, it is also said that these relationships can not be found for the most of the measures defined during the European Middle-Ages, except the medieval measures emanating from Antiquity. For example, the Salamis Cubit (≥ 48.4 cm) is said to be 14/15 of the Nippur Cubit (≤ 51.9 cm). This Nippur Cubit is said to be five eighth of the hypothetic Megalithic Yard (≤ 83.0 cm). The Roman foot (≥ 29.6 cm) is again four fifth of the Old Egyptian construction Remen (≥ 37.0 cm). Even the Japanese Shaku (= 30.24 cm) is claimed to be exactly four seventh of the New Egyptian Royal Cubit (= 52.92 cm), although an explanation for how these cultures have communicated this relationship seems not to be given, althouth it is said that as recently as modern times, the Shaku has been redefined to be 10/33 metres, i.e. about 0.2 % more than its historical value. The historical metrology is based on archaeological founds of original scales and on measurement of ground plans of houses and monuments. Over four and a half thousand years ago, the Great Pyramid of Giza was built with a length of 440 Old Egyptian Royal Cubits and a height of 280 cubits. In the Antiquity, the units were well defined to a high precision and standards of measurement were generally excellent. Egypt measuers of length The Egyptians were of fine geometers. They could not calculate the radix of two, but they could draw it. Discovering a good approximation in trigonometry: "Twenty times the radix of two, divided by 28, is very close to unit." So, they wanted to have a 28-digit cubit. Therefore the Egyptian geometers invented the "construction Remen", a right-angled triangle. This set square had two sides of exactly 20 later called Roman digits. (i.e. the Nippur ell divided into 28 parts). The base of this triangle is the "Old Egyptian Royal Cubit". This cubit is divided into 28 Egyptian digits. THe Modern pseudoscientists specialised in ancient metrology measured hundreds of scales of Antiquity. (See link below to the Univerity of Tbingen, Germany) The value found by the scientific statistical method is usually rounded to a conventional New Royal Cubit of 529.2 mm exactly one. This well-attested unit came in use during Dynasty XII (1900 BC). That implies an Old Egyptian construction Remen of (529.2 mm 0.7 =) 370.44 mm and a Nippur Cubit of 518.616 mm. | div class="center"> By the theoretical value of the Mesopotanian 30-digit Nippur Cubit = 518.616 mm. | | Unit | Ratio | Length | | width=35% | The sides of the Egyptian Remen | width=40% | 20 / 28 of the Nippur Cubit (ell) | width=20% | = 37.044 cm | | center> The Old Egyptian Royal Cubit | 20√2 / 28 of the Nippur Cubit (ell) | ~ 52.388 cm | | center> The Egyptian Royal Cubit | 20√2 / 28 of the Old Royal Cubit | = 52.920 cm | - The Egyptians geometers divided the Nippur Cubit into 28 digits instead of 30 (= 60 ! in Mesopotamia, inventor of sexagesimal calculation.) – Thus, Egyptians defined the later called "Roman digit".
- 20 (later called) Roman digits is the length the Egyptian Remen during the third millennium BC. – The 20-digit measure is called "pygon" in Greek language.
- Centuries later, they used a construction Remen with 20 digits token from the Old Royal Cubit. – Since, the foot of the New Royal Cubit (later called "Shaku" in Japan) and the (later called) Roman foot were related by the ratio: 100 to 98 exactly one.
Note, that the Megalithic Yard (≤ 83 cm) and the Nippur Cubit are related by simple ratio 16 : 10. The theoretical "length of Roman barleycorn" is exactly 8.252 mm. Roman units of length = | gcolor=#E0E0E0 width=35% | Roman unit | bgcolor=#E0E0E0 width=25% | Latin name | bgcolor=#E0E0E0 width=15% | Feet | bgcolor=#E0E0E0 width=25% | Equivalence | | center> one digit | digitus | 1 / 16 | 18.525 mm | | center> one palm | palmus | 1 / 4 | 7.41 cm | | center> one foot | pes | 1 | 29.64 cm | | center> one cubit | cubitus | 1 | 44.46 cm | | center> one step | gradus | 2 | 0.741 m | | center> one pace | passus | 5 | 1.482 m | | center> one perch | pertica | 10 | 2.964 m | | center> one arpent | actus | 120 | 35.568 m | | center> one stadion | stadium | 625 | 185.25 m | | center> one mile | milliarium | 5000 | 1.482 km | | center> one league | leuga | 7500 | 2.223 km | colspan=4 bgcolor=#F8F8F8 | The Roman foot is defined sixteen 28th of the Nippur cubit.
The "theoretical" value of the Nippur ell is: 518 616 m exactly.
Therefore Romain foot is 296 352 m. This is around 29.64 cm. | - In Antiquity the Roman foot was not divided into inches, i.e. twelve shares.
External links * www.uni-tuebingen.de
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