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HauptsturmfhrerHauptsturmfhrer was a Nazi rank of the SS which was used between the years of 1934 and 1945. The rank of Hauptsturmfhrer was a mid-grade company level officer and was the equivalent of a Hauptmann in the German Wehrmacht. Hauptsturmfhrer was the most commonly held SS officer rank during the Second World War. The rank of Hauptsturmfhrer evolved from the much older rank of Sturmhauptfhrer, created in 1928 as a rank of the Sturmabteilung. The SS used the rank of Sturmhauptfhrer from 1930 to 1934 at which time, following the Night of the Long Knives, the name of the rank was changed to Hauptsturmfhrer although the insignia remained the same. Some of the most infamous SS members are known to have held the rank of Hauptsturmfhrer. Among them are Josef Mengele, Chief Medical Officer of Auschwitz; Klaus Barbie, Gestapo Chief of Lyons, and Amon Gth who was immortalized in the film Schindler's List. The insignia of Hauptsturmfhrer was three silver pips and two silver stripes on a black collar patch, worn opposite a unit insignia patch. On the field grey duty uniform, the shoulder boards of an Army Hauptmann were also displayed. The rank of Hauptsturmfhrer was senior to the rank of Obersturmfhrer and junior to Sturmbannfhrer.
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