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George ManuelGeorge Manuel (February 21, 1921November 15, 1989) was an aboriginal leader in Canada. He was a former national chief of the Assembly of First Nations. Manuel was born to Maria and Louie Manuel in 1921, on the Secwepemc territory of the Shuswap people. He was first educated at the Kamloops Indian Residential School, but contacted tuberculosis and was transferred to an Indian TB hospital on an Indian reservation near Chilliwack, British Columbia. After some time Manuel met the woman who would become his first wife, Marceline Paul. Paul was a Kootenai woman of an Indian band living near Cranbrook. Together Manuel and Paul would have six children together. Unfortunately, Manuel's developing responsibilities as a political leader began to be a growing strain on his marriage. A few years after becoming the president of the North American Indian Brotherhood of British Columbia in 1959, the couple separated. Not long after this, the federal Department of Indian Affairs hired Manuel for a position in Cowichan territory near Duncan. Manuel worked as a Community Development Officer, and increased the awareness of problems and conditions the Cowichan people were experiencing. Manuel moved on from this position to a role with the Alberta Brotherhood, and developed a strong working relationship with the Cree political leader Harold Cardinal. Manuel networked extensively with chiefs across Canada during his time with the Alberta Brotherhood. Eventually Cardinal approached him to run for the position of national chief of the newly created National Indian Brotherhood, a body that would represent almost 250,000 Indians. After some time the National Indian Brotherhood would rename itself as the Assembly of First Nations, and Manuel would serve as its national chief from 1970 to 1976. Building on this experience, in 1975 Manuel helped found and became the president of the World Council of Indigenous Peoples, a position he kept until 1981. In this role he travelled internationally, meeting with and advocating for the indigenous people of nations like Argentina, Chile, and Peru. Manuel was honoured several times for his lifetime of work representing the First Nations of Canada, and indigenous peoples worldwide. He was awarded the Order of Canada, and was nominated four times for the Nobel Peace Prize for his international work with the World Council of Indigenous Peoples. In 1983 he received an honourary degree from the University of British Columbia in Vancouver. References Manuel, George Manuel, George Manuel, George Maneul, George
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