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Gee (Navigation)GEE was a British radio navigation system used during World War II; the ideas in GEE were developed by the Americans into the LORAN system. LORAN was used by the US and Royal Navys during World War II, and after the war came into common civilian use world-wide for coastal navigation, until GPS made it obsolete. Technical details GEE used a series of broadcasters sending out precicely timed signals; the aircraft using GEE, Bomber Command's heavy bombers, examined the time of arrival on an osciloscope at the navigator's station. If the signal from two stations arrived at the same time, the aircraft must be an equal distance from both, allowing the navigator to draw a line on his map of all the positions at that distance from both stations. Similarly, a difference in the arrical times indicated that the aircraft was closer to one station than the other; the actual difference denoted a particular hyperbola along which the aircraft must lie. By making similar measurements with other stations additional lines could be produced, leading to a fix. Service history GEE entered service in March 1942 and was accurate to about 165 yards at short ranges, and up to a mile at longer ranges over Germany. At its extreme range, which was about 400 miles, it had an accuracy of 2 miles. Unlike the German beam systems where the bombers flew to their targets along the beam, the GEE pulses were not directional, so even if detected, they would not reveal the bombers' likely destinations. As the system was passive, unlike H2S, there were no return signals which could give away the bomber's positions to night fighters. However, the system was open to jamming, which became a routine problem about five months after GEE came into widespread use. However, the jamming was only effective over Europe, so aircraft still used GEE for navigation near their bases. Further reading - Alfred Price, Instruments of Darkness: The History of Electronic Warfare (Peninsula, Los Altos, 1977) pp. 98-104
- R. V. Jones, The Wizard War: British Scientific Intelligence 1939-1945 (Coward, McCann and Geoghegan, New York, 1978) pp. 217-222
- Brian Johnson, The Secret War (BBC, London, Methuen, New York, 1978) pp. 84-89
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