Elementary Symmetric Polynomial

In mathematics, elementary symmetric polynomials are basic building block for symmetric polynomials. Consider the variables A, X_1, X_2, X_3. We have that
(A+X_1) (A+X_2)(A+X_3)= A^3+ (X_1 + X_2 + X_3)A^2+(X_1 X_2 + X_2 X_3 + X_1 X_3)A+X_1 X_2 X_3.
The coefficients of the powers of A
X_1 + X_2 + X_3, \ X_1 X_2 + X_2 X_3 + X_1 X_3, \ X_1 X_2 X_3
are the elementary symmetric polynomials in 3 variables. Note that these polynomials are indeed symmetric, as when some variables are interchanged, the polynomials stay the same. In the same way, one can write
(A+X_1)(A+X_2)\cdots(A+X_n)= A^n+ (X_1 + X_2 +\cdots+ X_n)A^{n-1}+\cdots+X_1 X_2\cdots X_n
and the obtained coefficients of the powers of A are the n elementary symmetric polynomials in n variables. Notice that for each k between 1 and n, there exists exactly one elementary symmetric polynomial of degree k. The uses of these polynomials are described in the symmetric polynomials article.

 

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