Electrophilic Addition

1. Halogenation: Addition of elementary bromine or chlorine to alkenes yield vicinal Dibromo- and dichloroalkanes, respectively. The decoloration of a solution of bromine in water is an analytical test for the presence of alkenes:
   CH₂=CH₂ + Br₂ → BrCH₂-CH₂Br
2. Hydrohalogenation: Addition of hydrohalic acids like HCl or HBr to alkenes yield the corresponding haloalkanes.
   CH₃-CH=CH₂ + HBr → CH₃-CHBr-CH₃
   If the two carbon atoms at the double bond are linked to a different number of hydrogen atoms, the halogen is found preferentially at the carbon with less hydrogen substituents (Markovnikov's rule).

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