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East TurkestanEast Turkistan (Sherqiy Trkistan in Uyghur, Doğu Trkistan in Turkish) was the name of two shortlived governments in Central Asia; the first one existed from 1932 to 1934, and was suppressed by a Russophile Chinese warlord Sheng Shicai, who turned to the Chiang Kai-shek's government and killed Mao Zemin, the brother of Mao Zedong later. The second one existed from 1944 to 1949 with the Soviet Union deeply involved. Both governments did not get international recognition, even by the Soviet Union. The governments claimed that their territory is a region bordering Tibet, China proper, Mongolia, Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, Kashmir and India. The region is now administered by the People's Republic of China, and it is a province-level entity known as "Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region". Qianlong Emperor of Qing Dynasty renamed this area from ancient name Xiyu(西域), whick means "western territory" to the most recent Chinese name Xinjiang (新疆), means "new territory" in Chinese, so it considered to be offensive to some local residents, who want their independence. In addition, the name East Trkistan emphasizes that the area is part of a larger Turkic region. Conversely, Many local Uyghurs, who built several independent countries in the history, consider the name East Trkistan to be offensive, because it implies that it is the east part of a larger Turkish territory. The "East Turkestan Islamic Movement" is a militant Islamist group which seeks to separate the region from China. It is considered by several governments, such as Turkey, countries in Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the United States to be a terrorist group. Its designation as such by the United States has been controversial, with critics arguing that the designation is unfair and intended mainly to improve U.S.-China relations. Currently, some members of this movement are arrested in the War on terror and are detained in prisons in Guantanamo Bay, and Beijing is pressuring Washington to return these people. Critics charge that China has taken advantage of the War on Terrorism to crack down on the Uyghur people living under Chinese rule. Various Uygurs and outside groups accuse China of carrying out torture and executions without trial. See also: Xabib Yunic. External links Turkistan, East Ost-Turkestan
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