Early Cyrillic Alphabet

The Early Cyrillic alphabet was a writing system developed in Bulgaria during the 10th century A.D. for the writing of Old Church Slavonic. With Christianity having been made the official state religion in 864, King Boris I commissioned the creation of the alphabet. Climent of Ochrid developed the alphabet and named it for his teacher, St. Cyril, a missionary who, along with his brother, Methodius, is credited with inventing the Glagolitic alphabet, an earlier Slavic alphabet and an influence on this one. The alphabet also shows influence from the Greek and Latin alphabets. In the following centuries, the Early Cyrillic was replaced by a later form, the Modern Cyrillic alphabet, which is still widely in use throughout Asia and Eastern Europe.

The alphabet

align=left | Image align=left | Unicode align=left | Name
(Cyrillic)		 align=left | Name
(transliterated)		 align=left | Name
(IPA)		 align=left | Transliteration align=left | IPA align=left | Notes
style="background: white;" | А а АЗЪ azǔ a
style="background: white;" | Б б БѸКИ buky b
style="background: white;" | В в ВѢДИ vědě v
style="background: white;" | Г г ГЛАГОЛИ glagoli g
style="background: white;" | Д д ДОБРО dobro d
style="background: white;" | Є є ѤСТЬ estǐ e
style="background: white;" | Ж ж ЖИВѢТЄ živěte ž, zh
style="background: white;" | Ѕ ѕ ЅѢЛО dzělo dz, Z
style="background: white;" | З з ЗЄМЛIА zeml’ja z See note 1
style="background: white;" | И и ИЖЄ iže i
style="background: white;" | І і / Ї ї И i i, I
style="background: white;" | К к КАКО kako k
style="background: white;" | Л л ЛЮДИѤ ljudije l
style="background: white;" | М м МЫСЛИТЄ mūslite m
style="background: white;" | Н н НАШЬ našǐ n
style="background: white;" | О о ОНЪ onǔ o
style="background: white;" | П п ПОКОИ pokoi p
style="background: white;" | Ҁ ҁ КОППА? koppa? q
style="background: white;" | Р р РЬЦИ rǐci r
style="background: white;" | С с СЛОВО slovo s
style="background: white;" | Т т ТВРЬДО tvrǐdo t
style="background: white;" | Ѹ ѹ ѸКЪ ukǔ u See note 2
style="background: white;" | Ф ф ФРЬТЪ frǐtǔ f
style="background: white;" | Х х ХѢРЪ xěrǔ ? x
style="background: white;" | Ѡ ѡ ОТЪ otǔ ō, w
style="background: white;" | Ц ц ЦИ ci c
style="background: white;" | Ч ч ЧРЬВЬ červ č, ch
style="background: white;" | Ш ш ША ša š, sh
style="background: white;" | Щ щ ШТА šta št, sht, šč, shch
style="background: white;" | Ъ ъ ѤРЪ jerǔ ǔ, u:
style="background: white;" | Ы ы ѤРЫ jerū ū
style="background: white;" | Ь ь ѤРЬ jerǐ ǐ, i:
style="background: white;" | Ѣ ѣ ЯТЬ jatǐ ě, je
style="background: white;" | Ю ю Ю ju ju
style="background: white;" | Я я (И)Я ja ja
style="background: white;" | Ѧ ѧ ѦСЪ ęsǔ ę, ẽ See note 3
style="background: white;" | Ѩ ѩ ѨСЪ jęsǔ ję, jẽ See note 4
style="background: white;" | Ѫ ѫ ѪСЪ ǫsǔ ǫ, õ See note 5
style="background: white;" | Ѭ ѭ ѬСЪ jǫsǔ jǫ, jõ See note 6
style="background: white;" | Ѯ ѯ КСИ ksi ks
style="background: white;" | Ѱ ѱ ПСИ psi ps
style="background: white;" | Ѳ ѳ ФИТА fita θ, th, T, F
style="background: white;" | Ѵ ѵ ИЖИЦА ižica ü
style="background: white;" | Ѥ ѥ (И)Ѥ jeː jeː
style="background: white;" | Ћ ћ ДѤРВ đerv, djerv đ, dj See note 7
style="background: white;" | Ѿ ѿ ТВРЬДО ОТЪ tvrǐdo otǔ tō, tw
style="background: white;" | | colspan="5" |   | See note 8

Notes

  1. Zemlya: The first form developed into the second.
  2. Ouku: The first form developed into a vertical ligature, shown in the second form.
  3. Ęsǔ: In Russian, this glyph is called ЮСЪ МАЛЫЙ (jusǔ malūi; IPA: malyi).
  4. Jęsǔ: In Russian, this glyph is called ЮСЪ МАЛЫЙ ЁТИРОВАНИЙ (jusǔ malūi jotirovanij; IPA: jotirovanij). This glyph is rare.
  5. Ǫsǔ: In Russian, this glyph is called ЮСЪ БОЛЬШИЙ (jusǔ bolǐšij; IPA: bolyʃiː). This glyph is rare.
  6. Jǫsǔ: In Russian, this glyph is called ЮСЪ БОЛЬШИЙ ЁТИРОВАНИЙ (jusǔ bolǐšij jotirovanij; IPA: bolyʃiː jotirovanij). This glyph is rare.
  7. Đerv: This letter is present in the Glagolitic alphabet, but its sound had disappeared by the time Cyrillic started to be used. In Russian, Gherv or Dzherv is only used in modern scientific texts where Cyrillic is used to transliterate Glagolitic; the character is found in some Balkan languages, notably the languages of the former Yugoslavia.
  8. Ornate omega: The name of this glyph is unknown; it would seem to be used in interjection, especially before vocatives.

Numerals, diacritics and punctuation

Each letter also had a numeric value, inherited from the corresponding Greek letter. A titlo over a sequence of letters indicated their use as a number. See Cyrillic numerals, Titlo. Several diacritics, adopted from Polytonic Greek orthography, were also used (these may not appear correctly in all web browsers; they are supposed to be directly above the letter, not off to its upper right): Punctuation marks:

References

See also

References

 

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