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dactylorhiza (dict)

Dactylorhiza

See text Dactylorhiza Necker ex Nevski 1937, is a small genus of terrestrial (ground-dwelling) plants from the orchid family (Orchidaceae). The name Dactylorhiza is derived from Greek words "daktylos" (finger) and "rhiza" (root). This is because of the shape of the genus' two undergorund tubers. Dactylorhiza were previouisly classified under Orchis. These orchids are distributed throughout the subarctic and temperate northern hemisphere : in Europe, from Scandinavia to North Africa; also on Madeira, Iceland, West Asia, North Asia, the Himalayas, North America and even in Alaska. These terrestrial orchids grow in basic soils in wet meadows, bogs, heathland and in areas sparsely populated by trees. They are tuberous geophytes. In a thickened underground stem, they can store a large amount of water to survive arid conditions. The long leaves are lanceolate and, in most species, also speckled. They grow along a rather long stem which reaches a height of 70-90 cm. Leaves higher on the stem are shorter than leaves lower on the stem. The inflorescence, compared to the length of the plant, is rather short. It consists of a compact raceme with 25-50 flowers. These develop from axillary buds. The dominant colors are all shades of pink to red, sprinkled with darker speckles.

Species

There are many species that cross-fertilize, giving an immense variation and complicating classification.
  • Dactylorhiza alpestris : Alpine Dactylorhiza (Pyrenees, Alps, Carpathians).
  • Dactylorhiza angustata (France).
  • Dactylorhiza aristata : Keyflower (E. China to Alaska).
    • Dactylorhiza aristata var. aristata : Keyflower (E. China to Alaska). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza aristata var. kodiakensis : Kodiak Keyflower (Aleutian Is. to SW. Alaska). Tuber geophyte
  • Dactylorhiza armeniaca (Turkey).
  • Dactylorhiza baldshuanica (C. Asia).
  • Dactylorhiza baumanniana (N. Greece).
  • Dactylorhiza bohemica (EC. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza cordigera (SE. Europe to Ukraine).
    • Dactylorhiza cordigera subsp. bosniaca (N. Balkan Pen). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza cordigera subsp. cordigera (SE. Europe to Ukraine).
    • Dactylorhiza cordigera subsp. siculorum (Romania to W. Ukraine). Tuber geophyte
  • Dactylorhiza elata : Stately Dactylorhiza (W. Europe to NW. Africa).
    • Dactylorhiza elata subsp. brennensis (W. Europe). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza elata subsp. elata (NW. Africa. Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza elata subsp. sesquipedalis (SW. Europe to Sicilia). Tuber geophyte
  • Dactylorhiza flavescens (Turkey to C. Asia).
  • Dactylorhiza foliosa : Richly-leaved Dactylorhiza (Madeira).
  • Dactylorhiza fuchsii : Common Spotted Orchid, Fuch's Dactylorhiza (Europe to Siberia).
    • Dactylorhiza fuchsii subsp. fuchsii (Europe to Siberia). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza fuchsii subsp. hebridensis (W. Europe). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza fuchsii subsp. okellyi (Ireland, W. Great Britain). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza fuchsii subsp. psychrophila (Europe to Siberia). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza fuchsii subsp. sooana (Hungary. Tuber geophyte
  • Dactylorhiza gervasiana (Sicilia to S. Italy).
  • Dactylorhiza graeca (N. Greece).
  • Dactylorhiza graggeriana (W. Himalaya).
  • Dactylorhiza hatagirea (Pakistan to SE. Tibet).
  • Dactylorhiza iberica (Greece to Iran).
  • Dactylorhiza ilgazica (N. Turkey).
  • Dactylorhiza incarnata : Spotted Orchid (Europe to Mongolia).
    • Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. coccinea : Early Marsh Orchid, Northern Marsh Orchid (Great Britain, Ireland). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. cruenta (Europe to Turkey). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. gemmana (W. Europe). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. incarnata (Europe to Mongolia). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza incarnata nothosubsp. krylovii (W. Europe to Siberia).Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. lobelii (Norway to The Netherlands). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. ochroleuca (Europe). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. pulchella (Europe). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza incarnata nothosubsp. versicolor (Europe) Tuber geophyte
  • Dactylorhiza insularis : Island Dactylorhiza (W. Medit. to WC. Italy).
  • Dactylorhiza kafiriana (NE. Afghanistan to W. Himalaya).
  • Dactylorhiza kalopissii (N. Greece).
  • Dactylorhiza kulikalonica (C. Asia).
  • Dactylorhiza lapponica (N. & C. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza libanotica (Lebanon)
  • Dactylorhiza longifolia (Europe to C. Asia).
  • Dactylorhiza macedonica (N. Greece).
  • Dactylorhiza maculata : Heath Spotted Orchid, Moorland Spotted Orchid (NW. Africa, Europe to Siberia).
    • Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. battandieri (N. Algeria). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. caramulensis (W. Europe). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. elodes (Europe). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. ericetorum : Heath Spotted Orchid (W. Europe).Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. islandica (Iceland). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. maculata (Europe to Siberia). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. maurusia (Morocco) Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. podesta (Netherlands). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. rhoumensis (Great Britain) Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. schurii (Carpathians). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. transsilvanica (SC. & SE. Europe). Tuber geophyte
  • Dactylorhiza magna (C. Asia).
  • Dactylorhiza majalis : Broad-leaved Marsh Orchid, Western Marsh Orchid, Fan Orchid, Common Marsh Orchid (Europe).
    • Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. cambrensis (Coastal Great Britain and Denmark).Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. majalis (Europe). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. occidentalis (W. & SW. Ireland, N. Great Britain). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. purpurella : Early Marsh Orchid, Northern Marsh Orchid (NW. Europe). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. turfosa (Alps to W. Carpathians). Tuber geophyte
  • Dactylorhiza markusii : Markus' Dactylorhiza (N. Portugal to W. Spain and Italy).
  • Dactylorhiza nieschalkiorum (N. Turkey).
  • Dactylorhiza osmanica (Turkey to Syria).
    • Dactylorhiza osmanica var. anatolica (Turkey). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza osmanica var. osmanica (Turkey to Syria). Tuber geophyte
  • Dactylorhiza pindica (NW. Greece).
  • Dactylorhiza praetermissa : Leopard Marsh Orchid, Southern Marsh Orchid (W. & NW. Europe)
  • Dactylorhiza pythagorae (E. Aegean Is.)
  • Dactylorhiza romana : Roman Dactylorhiza (Mediterranean)
  • Dactylorhiza russowii (C. Europe to Siberia).
  • Dactylorhiza saccifera : Sack-carrying Dactylorhiza (Mediterranean).
  • Dactylorhiza salina (Caucasus to Amur)
  • Dactylorhiza sambucina : Elder-flowered Orchid (Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza smolikana (Greece).
  • Dactylorhiza sudetica (Europe to Siberia)
  • Dactylorhiza traunsteineri : Narrow-leaved Marsh Orchid, Traunstein's Dactylorhiza, Irish Marsh Dactylorhiza (Europe to W. Siberia).
    • Dactylorhiza traunsteineri subsp. carpatica (Slovakia). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza traunsteineri subsp. curvifolia (N. & NE. Europe). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza traunsteineri subsp. traunsteineri (Europe to W. Siberia).Tuber geophyte
  • Dactylorhiza umbrosa (W. & C. Asia to Siberia)
  • Dactylorhiza urvilleana (N. & NE. Turkey to Iran)
  • Dactylorhiza viridis (Subarctic and subalpine Northern Hemisphere).
    • Dactylorhiza viridis var. virescens (Temp. Asia, N. America) Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza viridis var. viridis (Subarctic and subalpine Northern Hemisphere) Tuber geophyte

Hybrids

Note : nothosubspecies = a hybrid subspecies; nothovarietas = subvariety.
  • Dactylorhiza abantiana (D. iberica D. nieschalkiorum) (Turkey).
  • Dactylorhiza aldenii (D. iberica D. kalopissii) (Greece).
  • Dactylorhiza altobracensis (D. maculata D. sambucina) (France, Austria).
  • Dactylorhiza aschersoniana (D. incarnata D. majalis) (W. & C. Europe).
    • Dactylorhiza aschersoniana nothosubsp. aschersoniana (W. & C. Europe). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza aschersoniana nothovar. templinensis (D. incarnata subsp. ochroleuca D. majalis) (C. Europe). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza aschersoniana nothovar. uliginosa (D. incarnata subsp.pulchella D. majalis) (C. Europe). Tuber geophyte
  • Dactylorhiza baicalica (D. incarnata subsp. cruenta D. salina) (Siberia).
  • Dactylorhiza balabaniana (D. iberica D. urvilleana) (Turkey).
  • Dactylorhiza bayburtiana (D. euxina D. umbrosa) (Turkey).
  • Dactylorhiza beckeriana (C. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza boluiana (D. nieschalkiorum D. saccifera) (Turkey).
  • Dactylorhiza bourdonii (D. brennensis D. incarnata) (France).
  • Dactylorhiza braunii (D. fuchsii D. majalis) (Europe).
    • Dactylorhiza braunii nothosubsp. braunii (Europe). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza braunii nothosubsp. lilacina (D fuchsii D. majalis subsp. turfosa) (EC. Europe). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza braunii nothosubsp. monticola (D. fuchsii subsp. psychrophila D. majalis) (Europe). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza braunii nothosubsp. smitakii (D. fuchsii subsp. sooana D. majalis) (EC. Europe). Tuber geophyte
  • Dactylorhiza breviceras (D. osmanica D. urvilleana) (Turkey).
  • Dactylorhiza carnea (D. incarnata D. maculata subsp. ericetorum) (W. Europe).
    • Dactylorhiza carnea nothosubsp. ampolai (D. incarnata subsp. cruenta D. maculata) (Europe). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza carnea nothosubsp. carnea (W. Europe). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza carnea nothosubsp. maculatiformis. (D. incarnata D. maculata) (W. Europe). Tuber geophyte
  • Dactylorhiza claudiopolitana (D. incarnata D. schurii) (Europe.
  • Dactylorhiza conigerum (D. maculata D. viridis) (W. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza csatoi (D. cordigera D. maculata) (SE. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza czerniakowskae (C. Asia).
  • Dactylorhiza daunia (D. romana D. saccifera) (S. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza delamainii (D. elata subsp. sesquipedalis D. maculata) (SW. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza dinglensis (D. maculata subsp. ericetorum D. majalis subsp. occidentalis) (W. Europe).
    • Dactylorhiza dinglensis nothosubsp. dinglensis (W. Europe). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza dinglensis nothosubsp. robertsii (D. maculata subsp. ericetorum D. majalis subsp. cambrensi) (Great Britain). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza dinglensis nothosubsp. senayi (D. maculata subsp. elodes D. majalis) (Europe).Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza dinglensis nothosubsp. townsendiana (D. maculata subsp. ericetorum D. majalis) (Europe). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza dinglensis nothosubsp. vermeuleniana (D. maculata D. majalis) (W. Europe). Tuber geophyte
  • Dactylorhiza drucei (D. majalis D. viridis) (W. Europe)
  • Dactylorhiza dubreuilhii (D. elata subsp. sesquipedalis D. incarnata) (W. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza dufftiana (D. majalis D. traunsteineri) (Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza dufftii (D. incarnata D. traunsteineri) (Europe).
    • Dactylorhiza dufftii nothosubsp. dufftii (Europe). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza dufftii nothosubsp. gotlandica (D incarnata subsp. ochroleuca D. traunsteineri) (Europe). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza dufftii nothosubsp. stenkyrkae (D. incarnata subsp. cruenta D. traunsteineri) (Europe). Tuber geophyte
  • Dactylorhiza erdingeri (D. sambucina D. viridis) (W. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza euxina (NE. Turkey to Caucasus).
    • Dactylorhiza euxinavar. euxina (NE. Turkey to Caucasus). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza euxinavar. markowitschii (NE. Turkey to Caucasus). Tuber geophyte
  • Dactylorhiza flixensis (D. incarnata subsp. pulchella D. traunsteineri.) (Switzerland).
  • Dactylorhiza formosa (D. maculata subsp. ericetorum D. purpurella) (W. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza fourkensis (D. baumanniana D. sambucina) (Greece).
  • Dactylorhiza gabretana (D. incarnata D. maculata D. sambucina) (Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza genevensis (D. incarnata D. latifolia D. maculata) (Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza godferyana (D. majalis D. praetermissa) (W. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza grandis (D. fuchsii D. praetermissa) (W. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza guilhotii (D. incarnata D. viridis) (W. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza guillaumeae (D. incarnata D. sambucina) (W. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza gustavssonii (D. iberica D. saccifera) (Greece to Turkey).
  • Dactylorhiza hallii (D maculata subsp. ericetorum D. praetermissa) (W. Europe).
    • Dactylorhiza hallii nothosubsp. hallii (W. Europe). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza hallii nothosubsp. nummiana (D. maculata subsp. elodes D. praetermissa) (W. Europe). Tuber geophyte
  • Dactylorhiza hochreutinerana (D. alpestris D. incarnata) (W. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza insignis (D. praetermissa D. purpurella) (W. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza ishorica (D. incarnata D. longifolia) (European Russia).
  • Dactylorhiza jenensis (D. maculata subsp. ericetorum D. traunsteineri) (W. & NC. Europe)
  • Dactylorhiza jestrebiensis (D. bohemica D. majalis) (EC. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza juennensis (D. fuchsii D. lapponica) (C. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza katarana (D kalopissii D. saccifera) (Greece).
  • Dactylorhiza kelleriana (D. fuchsii D. traunsteineri) (Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza kerasovinensis (D. pindica D. saccifera) (Greece).
  • Dactylorhiza kerneriorum (D. fuchsii D. incarnata) (Europe).
    • Dactylorhiza kerneriorum nothosubsp. kerneriorum (Europe). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza kerneriorum nothosubsp. lillsundica (D. fuchsii D. incarnata subsp. ochroleuca) (N. & W. Europe). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza kerneriorum nothosubsp. variablis (D. fuchsii subsp. hebridensis D. incarnata) (W. Europe). Tuber geophyte
  • Dactylorhiza komiensis (D. hebridensis D. maculata) (E. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza kopdagiana (D. iberica D. umbrosa) (Turkey).
  • Dactylorhiza koutsourana (D. baumanniana D. smolikana) (Greece).
  • Dactylorhiza kuuskiae (D.longifolia D. traunsteineri) (E. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza latirella (D. incarnata D. purpurella) (W. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza lehmannii (D. incarnata D. russowii) (Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza megapolitana (D. fuchsii D. russowii) (C. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza metsowonensis (D. kalopissii D. sambucina) (Greece).
  • Dactylorhiza mixtum (D. fuchsii D. viridis) (W. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza mulignensis (D. incarnata subsp. pulchella D. majalis) (C. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza nevskii (D. osmanica D. umbrosa) (Turkey).
  • Dactylorhiza ornonensis (D. elata subsp. sesquipedalis D. incarnata D. maculata) (W. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza paridaeniana (D. elata subsp. sesquipedalis D. praetermissa) (W. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza pontica (D. urvilleana D. viridis) (Turkey)
  • Dactylorhiza prochazkana (D. bohemica D. maculata) (EC. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza renzii (D. incarnata D. nieschalkiorum) (Turkey).
  • Dactylorhiza rizeana (D. euxina D. urvilleana) (Turkey).
  • Dactylorhiza rombucina (D. romana D. sambucina) (C. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza ruppertii (D. majalis D. sambucina) (Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza salictina (D. pindica D. smolikana) (Greece).
  • Dactylorhiza serbica (D. incarnata D. saccifera) (Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza serreana (D. graeca D. lagotis) (Greece).
  • Dactylorhiza sivasiana (D. umbrosa D. urvilleana) (Turkey).
  • Dactylorhiza sooi (D. alpestris D. fuchsii.) (Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza souflikensis (D. baumanniana D. pindica) (Greece).
  • Dactylorhiza stagni-novi (D. brennensis D. fuchsii) (Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza szaboiana (D. cordigera D. sudetica) (SE. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza transiens (D. fuchsii D. maculata subsp. ericetorum) (Europe)
    • Dactylorhiza transiens nothosubsp. corylensis (D. fuchsii subsp. hebridensis D. maculata)
    • Dactylorhiza transienssubsp. ericetorum (Europe). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza transiens nothosubsp. transiens (Europe). Tuber geophyte
  • Dactylorhiza turcestanicum (D. umbrosa D. viridis) (C. Asia).
  • Dactylorhiza vallis-peenae (D. majalis D. russowii) (C. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza venusta (D. fuchsii D. purpurella) (Europe).
    • Dactylorhiza venusta nothosubsp. hebridella (D. fuchsii subsp. hebridensis D. purpurella) (Great Britain). Tuber geophyte
    • Dactylorhiza venusta nothosubsp. venusta (Europe) Tuber geophyte
  • Dactylorhiza viridella (D. purpurella D. viridis) (W. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza vitosana (D. saccifera D. sambucina) (SE. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza vogtiana (D. iberica D. incarnata) (Turkey).
  • Dactylorhiza vorasica (D. cordigera D. sambucina) (Greece).
  • Dactylorhiza weissenbachiana (D. incarnata D. lapponica) (C. Europe).
  • Dactylorhiza wiefelspuetziana (D. maculata D. sphagnicola) (W. Europe).

 

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