Convective Derivative

The convective derivative, also known as the Lagrangian derivative, is a derivative taken with a respect to a coordinate system moving with velocity u, and is often used in fluid mechanics. It is defined for a scalar function \phi and vector v by:
\frac{D\phi}{Dt} = \frac{\partial \phi}{\partial t} + (\mathbf{u}\cdot\nabla)\phi
\frac{D\mathbf{v}}{Dt} = \frac{\partial \mathbf{v}}{\partial t} + (\mathbf{u}\cdot\nabla)\mathbf{v}
where \nabla is the gradient operator del and \frac{\partial}{\partial t} denotes the partial derivative with respect to t. Proof is via the chain rule for partial derivatives. Note the following identities when taking the convective derivative of an integral:
\frac{D}{Dt}\int_{V(t)} f(\mathbf{x})\, dV
= \int_{V(t)} \left( \frac{\partial f}{\partial t} + \nabla\cdot(f\mathbf{u}) \right) \, dV = \int_{V(t)} \left( \frac{Df}{Dt} + f ( \nabla\cdot\mathbf{u} ) \right) \, dV

 

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