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Cole Nationale D'administrationThe cole nationale d'administration (generally known as ENA) is the school where many of France senior officials are instructed. It is the way of choice to reach the great administrative corps of the State. The graduates of ENA are known as narques. It was created in 1945 in Paris by Charles de Gaulle and is now partly delocalized in Strasbourg to emphasize its European belonging. There are plans to totally move the school to Strasbourg. Entrance to ENA is granted on a competitive exam, which people generally take after completing studies at the Institut d'études Politiques de Paris (more widely known as Sciences Po). The school was created in a move to make more rational and democratic the recruitment of personnel for various bodies of high administration. In practice, narques were criticized as early as the 1960s for their technocratic and arrogant ways. Young narque Jacques Chirac was, for instance, lampooned in an album of the Asterix series. Such criticism has continued up to present times, with the narques being accused of monopolizing positions in higher administration and politics without real efficiency. It has become a recurrent theme for many French politicians to criticize ENA, even when they are former graduate themselves. ENA ranks students according to their academic merit; students are then asked, in order of decreasing merit, the service that they want to join. While the first ranked join the prestigious corps like the Inspection of Finances, Conseil d'tat or Court of Auditors, and some enter national politics, many end up in middle-level administration positions. The way this school shapes French industry and politics has been studied by John Kenneth Galbraith and Pierre Bourdieu. Some famous alumni include: See also External link
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