Classical Genetics
Classical genetics
consists of the techniques and methodologies of
genetics
that predate the advent of
molecular biology
. A key discovery of classical genetics in
eukaryotes
, was
genetic linkage
. The observation that some
genes
do not segregate independently at
meiosis
, broke the laws of
Mendelian inheritance
, and provided science with a way to map characteristics to a location on the
chromosomes
. Linkage maps are still used today, especially in breeding for
plant improvement
. After the discovery of the
genetic code
and such tools of
cloning
as
restriction enzymes
, the avenues of investigation open to geneticists were greatly broadened. Some classical genetic ideas have been supplanted with the mechanistic understanding brought by molecular discoveries, but many remain intact and in use. Classical genetics is often contrasted with
reverse genetics
, and aspects of molecular biology are sometimes referred to as
molecular genetics
.
See also
:
Genetic linkage
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